A Chronology of Slave Actions in the United States
By Joseph E. HollowayWhile there were at least 313 slave actions, when compared to Brazil, Latin America, where there were literally thousands, the reasons and conditions for those were determined by geography, history and policy. In this analysis of 313 slave actions they have been divided into three historical periods for analysis: the pre-colonial period from 1526 to 1691; the colonial period from 1700 to 1800, and finally the antebellum period from 1800 to 1860. In each of these periods slave actions had a certain characteristics in that we find a variety of types that analyzed a little later. Statistically primary revolts were less numerous than secondary for obvious reasons.
However the use of a statistical tool sheds light on the many complexities of how enslaved Africans responded to their oppression, and demonstrate a continual dissatisfaction with the most unfavorable conditions. In spite of the most unfavorable condition enslaved Africans such as Gabriel Prosser in 1800 used the rhetoric of the American Revolution to justify his movement, i.e., Blacks had natural human rights to fight for their freedom and liberation from enslavement, as American Colonists had the right to fight for their freedom and independence from England. One of the more interesting characteristics of the slave revolts in the later period was that the leaders unveiled elaborate plans for the liberation of slaves, using religion as an ideological basis for liberation and introducing their own Black theology of liberation from slave religion.
The history of slave revolts in North America begins with the first Spanish settlement in what is now South Carolina in 1526 and did not end until the Civil War in 1865. Throughout the 17th and 18th century enslaved Africans continued to struggle against their oppression in order to achieve freedom from enslavement. One revolt was not the revolution. Each incident of resistance did not result in immediate emancipation, but they contributed toward the creation of a moral consciousness which made emancipation possible by 1865. The slave's reaction to their enslavement took many forms. They covered a wide variety of reactions including plans to overthrow the slave regime to individual's acts of sabotage with the aim to destroy the slave master and his property.
Enslaved Africans resisted throughout the transatlantic slave trade, they resisted slavery from its inception in the New World. Enslaved Africans resisted captured and enslavement in Africa, and later on slave ships coming to the New World, they resisted in the plantation fields and in the Big House and they organized slave actions against their oppression. They fought for their freedom and liberation and were killed and died in the cause of freedom. Sometimes they even committed infanticide and suicide as a form of resistance. They fought and lost against insurmountable odds, but in the end they won because their struggle and resistance transformed the minds of Americans and brought on the Civil War that finally abolition the institution of slavery. One revolt was not the revolution for liberation and freedom, but collectively they contribution to events that would eventually lead to their liberation and freedom from bondage.
Texas had 16 which are 7 percent. North Carolina had 17 also 7 percent, Georgia 18 that is 8 percent. Kentucky 11, 5 percent, Tennessee. 9, 4 percent. Pennsylvania 4, 2 percent, Arkansas 4, 2 percent, and Florida with 6, 3 percent, New York City 2, 1 percent. Out of 313 slave actions 77 would be in the primary category and 236 were secondary type representing 75 percent of all slave actions. Again, Virginia ranks the highest in both primary and secondary actions followed by South Carolina and Mississippi. Secondary slave actions represented 59 percent of all slave actions and most of these were plots that never advanced beyond the planning stage. The following is the new organizational model for slave actions.
A Chronology of the St. Charles and St. James Parishers Revolt in 1811
YEAR | FORM | TYPE | STATE | AIM | PLACE | LEADERSHIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1526 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Freedom | near Peedee River | African |
1644 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape | Gloucester County | W/A |
1657 | Revolt | 2 | ||||
1660 | Plot | 2 | VA | Freedom/Escape | Henderson | |
1663 | Plot | 2 | VA | Escape | Gloucester Co. | W/A/I |
1687 | Plot | 2 | VA | Killing Whites | Westmoreland Co. | |
1687 | Plot | 2 | VA | Extermination | Northern Neck | |
1688 | Plot | 2 | MC | Personal freedom | Maryland Co. | |
1690 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Personal freedom | Rappahannock | Isaac Morril |
1691 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Personal freedom | Rappahannock Co. | Mingoe |
1691 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal freedom | Middlesex Counties | |
1694 | VA | |||||
1702 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Destruction of property | Charleston | African |
1702 | Plot | 2 | SC | Destruction of property | Charleston | |
1705 | Plot | 2 | MD | Destruction of property | ||
1708 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Gloucester Co. | |
1708 | Revolt | 2 | NY | Destruction of property | Queens County, N.Y. | |
1709 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Surry | |
1709 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Isle of Wright | |
1709 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | James Co. | |
1710 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Surry | |
1710 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | James Co | |
1710 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Isle of Wright | |
1711 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | ||
1711 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Destruction of property | Surry Co | 25-30 |
1712 | Revolt | 2 | NY | Destroy, kill & murder | N.Y. City | Akan Slaves |
1713 | Plot | 2 | SC | Escape/Take City | Slave | |
1718 | Plot | 1 | LA | Create Black State | New Orleans | |
1720 | Revolt | 1 | SC | Create Black State | Charleston | 3/S |
1720 | MASS | |||||
1720 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Escape | ||
1720 | Plot | 1 | SC | Take City | Charleston | Primus |
1721 | Plot | 2 | SC | Create Black State | ||
1722 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Rappahannock | Cooper Will |
1722 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Rappahannock Co | |
1723 | Plot | 2 | CT | Create Black State | ||
1723 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Middlesex County | |
1723 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | Gloucester County | |
1723 | Plot | 2 | MA | Destruction of property | Boston | |
1727 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of property | ||
1727 | Plot | 1 | LA | Create Black State | New Orleans | 15Afr. |
1728 | Plot | 2 | GA | Extermination of Whites | Savannah, Georgia | |
1729 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape to Freedom | Rural Maroons | |
1729 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | New Orleans | |
1730 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Kill master | Williamsburg | |
1730 | Plot | 2 | VA | Extermination | Rappahannock Rivers | |
1730 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & | New Orleans | |
1730 | Plot | 2 | SC | Destruction of property | Charleston | Samba |
1732 | Plot | 2 | VA | Extermination | Rappahannock River | |
1732 | Plot | 2 | LA | Destruction of property | New Orleans | |
1734 | Plot | 2 | PA | Destruction of property | Burlington | |
1734 | Plot | 2 | LA | Extermination of Whites | New Orleans | |
1738 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Create Black State | ||
1738 | Plot | 2 | SC | Create Black State | ||
1738 | Revolt | 2 | MD | Maroon War | Prince George Co | |
1739 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Escape to FL | Stono | Jemmy |
1739 | Revolt | 1 | MD | Create Black State | Prince George Co. | |
1740 | Plot | 2 | MD | Escape | Prince George Co. | |
1741 | Revolt | 2 | NY | Burn the city & kill whites | New York City | |
1741 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Personal Freedom | Slave | |
1744 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1747 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1748 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | City | Slave |
1751 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Kill, murder & destroy | Stono | Hector |
1751 | Revolt | 2 | SC | 1 slave executed for poisoning | ||
1751 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Slave killed master | ||
1755 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1759 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | Charleston | Slave |
1760 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | Slave | |
1761 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1765 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1766 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1766 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1767 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | Alexandria | |
1768 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1768 | Plot | 2 | MASS | Personal Freedom | 300 slaves | |
1770 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1771 | Plot | 2 | GA | Personal Freedom | ||
1772 | Revolt | 2 | GA | Escape/Freedom | Savannah | Slave |
1772 | Revolt | 2 | NJ | Escape | East Jersey | 6/men 4/wo |
1774 | Revolt | 2 | GA | Personal Freedom | St. Andrews Parish | Slave |
1774 | Plot | 2 | MASS | Personal Freedom | ||
1775 | Plot | 2 | NC | Personal Freedom | ||
1775 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | Beaufort | |
1776 | Plot | 2 | NC | Destruction of Property | ||
1776 | Plot | 2 | GA | Destruction of Property | ||
1776 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Destruction of Property | ||
1778 | Plot | 2 | NY | Destruction of Property | ||
1780 | Plot | 2 | NY | Destruction of property | Albany | |
1781 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | New Orleans | 1 |
1782 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape to freedom | Richmond | |
1782 | Plot | 2 | VA | Escape to freedom | Accomack County | |
1782 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | New Orleans | 50 |
1782 | Plot | 2 | NY | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1783 | Plot | 2 | NC | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1784 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1791 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Create Black State | Lower Louisiana | 600+ |
1791 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Slave killed master | New Roads | 1 |
1792 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Create Black State | Northampton Co. | 902 |
1792 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Kill slave master | Pointe Coupee | |
1792 | Plot | 1 | NC | Kill slave master | Northampton County | |
1793 | Plot | 1 | VA | Create Black State | Norfolk | 80/B34W |
1793 | Plot | 1 | LA | Create Black State | Powhatan | |
1793 | Plot | 2 | SC | Escape/Freedom | Peterburg | |
1793 | Plot | 2 | NY | Destruction of property | Albany | 3 slaves |
1795 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Point Coupee | 25 |
1795 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | St. Landry Parish | |
1795 | VA | |||||
1795 | Revolt | 2 | NC | Kill, murder & destroy | Wilmington | |
1796 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Kill, murder & destroy | Elizabethtown | |
1796 | Plot | 2 | NJ | Burn town free slaves | Newark | |
1796 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Create Black State | Point Coupee | |
1796 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Escape to Freedom | St. Landry Parish | |
1796 | Plot | 1 | NC | Create Black State | ||
1796 | Plot | 1 | SC | Destruction of property | ||
1796 | Revolt | 1 | GA | Create Black State | ||
1797 | VA | |||||
1797 | SC | |||||
1798 | SC | |||||
1799 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Escape | Charleston, S.C. | 10 |
1799 | GA | |||||
1800 | Plot | 1 | VA | Create Black State | Richmond | G. Prosser |
1801 | Plot | 1 | VA | Create Black State | Richmond | Slave |
1802 | Plot | 1 | VA | Create Black State | Richmond | Jeremiah |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Nottoway County | Bob/s |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Powhatan County | |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Brunswick County | |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Kill, murder & destroy | Isaac | |
1802 | Revolt | 2 | VA | General insurrection | Norfolk | 300 slaves |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Burn city& kill whites | Norfolk | 80/slaves |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Take city | Norfolk | Caesar |
1802 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Insurrection against State | Hanover Co. | Glasgow |
1802 | Plot | 2 | VA | Planned insurrection | Halifax | |
1802 | Plot | 1 | NC | Create Black State | York | M. Bradley |
1802 | Plot | 2 | NC | Kill, murder & destroy | Elizabeth City | Tom Cooper |
1803 | Plot | 2 | NC | |||
1803 | PA | |||||
1804 | Plot | 2 | GA | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1804 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | New Orleans | |
1804 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Cane River, Natchitoches | |
1804 | Plot | 2 | SC | Freedom | St. Helena | |
1804 | PA | |||||
1805 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | Columbia, S.C. | |
1805 | NC | |||||
1805 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1805 | Plot | 2 | MD | Personal Freedom | ||
1805 | GA | |||||
1805 | LA | |||||
1806 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1807 | Plot | 2 | MS | Personal Freedom | Adams-Natchez Co | |
1808 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | Norfolk | |
1809 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Germany Coast (New Orleans) | |
1809 | VA | |||||
1810 | Plot | 2 | GA | Destruction of Property | ||
1810 | Plot | 2 | KY | Destruction of Property | ||
1810 | Plot | 2 | LA | Destruction of Property | New Orleans | |
1810 | Plot | 2 | MS | Destruction of Property | Mississippi Territory | |
1810 | Plot | 2 | VA | Destruction of Property | Nansemond County | |
1810 | Plot | 2 | NC | Destruction of Property | Halifax County | |
1811 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Create Black State | New Orleans | 500+ |
1811 | Revolt | 1 | VA | Create Black State | ||
1812 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Jack | |
1812 | Plot | 2 | MS | Kill, murder & destroy | Mississippi Territory | |
1812 | Plot | 2 | MS | Personal Escape | Adams-Natchez Co. | |
1812 | Plot | 2 | KY | Escape | ||
1812 | Plot | 2 | VA | |||
1812 | Plot | 2 | LA | Escape to Freedom | ||
1814 | Plot | 2 | VA | Escape to Freedom | City | |
1814 | Plot | 2 | MD | Escape to Freedom | Williamsburg | |
1816 | Plot | 1 | VA | Create Black State | Spot. | George Boxley/white |
1816 | Plot | 1 | SC | Create Black State | Camden | |
1817 | Revolt | 2 | MD | Personal Freedom | St. Mary’s County | 200 |
1818 | Plot | 2 | NC | Personal Freedom | ||
1818 | Plot | 2 | SC | Kill, murder & destroy | Charleston, S.C. | |
1818 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1819 | Plot | 2 | GA | Personal Freedom | Coco or Coot | |
1819 | Plot | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | Georgetown, S.C. | |
1820 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1820 | Revolt | 2 | NC | Personal Freedom | ||
1820 | Plot | 2 | SC | Freedom | Charleston, S.C. | |
1820 | Revolt | 1 | FL | Create Black State | Subdued by U.S. Army | |
1821 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Personal Freedom | ||
1821 | Plot | 2 | NC | Personal Freedom | Onslow | |
1822 | Plot | 1 | SC | Create Black State | Charleston, S.C. | 7000 |
1823 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1824 | Plot | 2 | VA | Personal Freedom | ||
1825 | Plot | 1 | NC | Escape from slavery | Edgecombe County | |
1826 | Revolt | 1 | KY | Create Black State | ||
1826 | Revolt | 1 | GA | Create Black State | ||
1826 | Revolt | 1 | MS | Personal freedom | Charleston, S.C. | 77 |
1826 | Revolt | 2 | GA | On Board Slave Ship | Decatur | |
1827 | Plot | 2 | GA | Escape from slavery | Macon | 300 |
1829 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Escape from slavery | Charleston, S.C. | |
1829 | Revolt | 2 | NC | Escape from slavery | Near Charleston, S.C. | |
1829 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Escape from slavery | ||
1831 | Revolt | 1 | VA | Take city & free slaves | Southampton | Nat Turner |
1832 | Revolt | 2 | TN | Planned massacre | Shelbyville | |
1832 | Plot | 2 | TN | Planned insurrection | Memphis | |
1833 | Plot | 1 | VA | Inciting insurrection | Fairfax County | John Windover |
1833 | Plot | 2 | NC | Motive unknown | Wilmington | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | GA | Escape from slavery | White | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | MS | Escape from slavery | Jefferson County | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | MS | Extermination of Whites | Madison County | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | TN | Extermination of Whites | Clarkes | 100+ |
1835 | Plot | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | 100 | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | SC | Kill, murder & destroy | Clarkesville | |
1835 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | East Feliciana | |
1835 | Plot | 1 | NC | Planned Revolt | Elizabeth City | |
1835 | Plot | 1 | GA | Planned Revolt | ||
1835 | MD | |||||
1836 | Plot | 2 | LA | Escape from slavery | East Feliciana | 40S/2W |
1837 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Escape from slavery | East Feliciana | 50-60 |
1837 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Largest plan in LA history | Cheneyville | |
1837 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Alexandria | |
1838 | Plot | 2 | KY | Kill, murder & destroy | Black/Whites | |
1838 | Plot | 2 | TN | extermination of whites | Marshall County | |
1839 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Take city free slaves | Iberville | 410/s 4/Whites |
1839 | Revolt | 1 | GA | Take city free slavery | Macon | |
1839 | Revolt | 2 | TN | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1840 | Plot | 2 | AL | Take city free slaves | W/W | |
1840 | Plot | 2 | DC | Take City | ||
1840 | Plot | 2 | LA | Take City & liberate slavery | Iberville Parish | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | GA | Extermination of Whites | W/S | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | MS | Extermination of Whites | Hanesville | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | MS | Extermination of Whites | Wilkinson County | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | Houston | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | LA | Extermination of Whites | Avoyelles | |
1641 | Plot | 2 | LA | Extermination of Whites | Rapides | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | LA | Extermination of Whites | Lafayette | |
1841 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | St. Landry Parish | |
1841 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Creole Slave Revolt | Rich. Madison Washington | |
1841 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Killed master | Opelousas | |
1841 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Slave revolt on Creole | Richmond | Madison Wash |
1842 | Revolt | 2 | LA | General Uprising | Concordia, Madison | |
1842 | Revolt | 2 | MS | General Uprising | ||
1845 | Revolt | 2 | MD | Escape to freedom | ||
1845 | Plot | 2 | LA | Kill, murder & destroy | Terrebonne | Parish |
1846 | Plot | 2 | LA | Escape to freedom | White | |
1846 | Plot | 2 | TN | Escape to freedom | ||
1848 | Revolt | 2 | KY | Escape to freedom | ||
1848 | Revolt | 2 | GA | Escape to freedom | ||
1849 | Plot | 2 | GA | Escape to freedom | ||
1850 | Revolt | 2 | MO | Escape to freedom | Slave | |
1850 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape to freedom | ||
1851 | Revolt | 2 | TX | Escape to freedom | ||
1853 | Plot | 1 | LA | Create Black State | New .O | 2500/S 100/W |
1854 | Revolt | 2 | MD | Escape from slavery | ||
1854 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Escape from slavery | Jasper County | |
1854 | Plot | 2 | TX | Escape to freedom | Gerlandsville, Jasper | |
1854 | Plot | 1 | TX | Escape from slavery | Gerlandsville, Jasper | |
1854 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Kill, murder & destroy | ||
1855 | Plot | 2 | MD | Escape from slavery | ||
1855 | Plot | 2 | MS | Escape to freedom | Gerlandsville-Jasper County | |
1856 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Free and liberate slaves | Clark County | |
1856 | Plot | 1 | LA | Create Black State | St. Mary Parish | Slave |
1856 | Plot | 1 | TX | Create Black State | Harletsville | |
1856 | Plot | 1 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | Lavaca Co | |
1856 | Plot | 2 | TX | Create Black State | Colorado Co. | 200 |
1856 | Revolt | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | Victoria Co | |
1856 | Plot | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | Clarksville | |
1856 | Plot | 1 | TN | Create Black State | Fayette County | |
1856 | Revolt | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | DeWitt | |
1856 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Free and liberate slaves | New Iberia | |
1856 | Plot | 2 | AK | Create Black State | Little Rock | |
1857 | Revolt | 2 | TN | kill, murder and destroy | 60 | |
1857 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Kill, murder and destroy | Clark County | |
1857 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Kill, murder and destroy | Bolivar County | |
1858 | Revolt | 1 | MS | Establish a Slave Regime | ||
1858 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Kill, murder & destroy | Coffeeville/Yalobusha Co. | |
1858 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Kill, murder & destroy | Bolivar County | |
1858 | Revolt | 1 | LA | Create Black State | ||
1858 | Revolt | 1 | TN | Create Black State | ||
1859 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Free and liberate slaves | ||
1859 | Revolt | 1 | VA | Liberate slaves | Harper’s Ferry | John Brown |
1859 | Revolt | 2 | TN | Pres. James Polk Plantation Nashville | ||
1860 | Revolt | 1 | MS | Free and liberate slaves | Winston County | |
1860 | Revolt | 1 | MS | Create Black State | Natchez | |
1860 | Revolt | 2 | Gen | Escape to freedom | Texas, Ark, GA & Alabama | |
1860 | Plot | 2 | TX | Free and liberate slaves | Robertson Co | 2 |
1860 | Plot | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | Fannin Co | 3 |
1860 | Plot | 2 | TX | Kill, murder & destroy | La Grange | 4 |
1860 | Plot | 2 | TX | Free & liberate slaves | Matagorda | |
1860 | Plot | 2 | TX | Free & liberate slaves | Henderson | |
1860 | Plot | 1 | TX | Free & liberate slaves | Montgomery Co. | White |
1860 | Plot | 1 | TX | Free & liberate slaves | Parker Co. | 2White |
1860 | Plot | 1 | TX | Inciting insurrection | Tennessee County | 2 Whites |
1860 | Revolt | 2 | TX | Burn parts of Austin | Austin | |
1860 | Revolt | 2 | GA | Kill, murder & destroy | Floyd County | |
1860 | Plot | 2 | Ala | inciting insurrection | Mobile | Leadership White |
1860 | Plot | 2 | LA | Create Black State | Fayette County | 200 |
1860 | Plot | 1 | TN | Free and liberate slaves | ||
1861 | Revolt | 2 | Gen | Escape to freedom | ||
1861 | Plot | 1 | MS | Extermination of Whites | Adams-Natchez Co. | |
1862 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Escape to freedom | Jasper County | |
1862 | Plot | 2 | MS | Extermination of Whites | Natchez | |
1862 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Escape to freedom | Thibodeax | |
1862 | Revolt | 2 | LA | Escape to freedom | New Orleans | |
1862 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape to freedom | ||
1863 | Revolt | 2 | MA | Escape to freedom | ||
1863 | Revolt | 2 | GA | Escape to freedom | ||
1864 | Revolt | 2 | VA | Escape to freedom | ||
1864 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Create Black State | Choctaw County | |
1864 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Escape to freedom | Amite County | |
1864 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Burn City free slaves | Yazoo City | |
1864 | Revolt | 2 | MS | Destruction of Property | Bolivar County | |
1864 | Revolt | 2 | SC | Kill, murder & destroy |