Compelete Records of Charles Deslondes Revolt

THE COMPLETE RECORDS OF THE CHARLES DESLONDES
REVOLT COMPILED
BY JOSEPH E. HOLLOWAY

January 7, 1811. Governor W.C.C. Claiborne orders General Hampton to escort mail carriers through “such part of the Territory” that is believed to be infested with a slave insurrection.

January 8, 1811. The rebellion began late in the evening on the plantation of Colonel Manuel Andy located in the German Coast County, some thirty-six miles northwest of New Orleans near present-day Norco. According to contemporary sources the leader of the revolt was a mulatto “a yellow fellow,” probably of Santo Domigan or Jamaican origin. He was the property of the Widow Jean--Baptiste Deslondes at the time of the uprising. Charles Deslondes was in the temporary employment of Colonel Andry or Andre, the sources use alternate spellings of his name.

January 8, 1811. Manuel Andry was wounded by an axe to the head by the rebels. His son Andry Jr. was killed, and the slaves made their way from the Andry plantation to a prearranged rendezvous with a support group, which included slaves from neighboring plantations, runaway slaves who had been living in the woods, and a large number of  “maroon” slaves.

January 8, 1811.They began their march along the river toward New Orleans, divided into companies each under an officer, with beat of drums and flags displayed marching toward Trepagnier Plantation. After killing Trepagnier, from this rendezvous point the insurgents move southeast on the River Road toward New Orleans, attacking other plantations along the way, burning several and adding arms and additional recruits.

January 9, 1811.  By the following afternoon they had arrived at the Jacques Fortier plantation some “five leagues” distant where they “commenced killing poultry, cooking, eating, drinking and rioting. 

January 9, 1811. People began coming into New Orleans as word arrived in New Orleans about the slave rebellion. Carriage after carriage, loaded with white families and a few personal belongings, began pouring into town within hours of the initial rising. 

January 10, 1811. Within twenty--four hours after the initial attack under the leadership of Manuel Andry some 80 local militia troops and vigilantes set out in pursuit of the rebels who now numbered five hundred.  They attacked the rebels near the plantation of Francois Bernard Bernoudi where the rebels stood their ground with “colors displayed and full or arrogance” with their leaders mounted on horseback.

January 10, 1811. General Wade Hampton was dispatched to the scene of the rebellion in command of a detachment of regular troops and two companies of militia to take charge of all the suppression forces. Additional assistance was on the way from Baton Rouge. A company of dragoons and one light artillery under the command of Major Homer Virgil Milton.

January 10. 1811.            Hampton began pursuing the rebels into the woods on the morning of the 10th. The insurrectionary were armed with cane knives, axes, hoes, other tools and a few small arms. 

January 11, 1811. General Hampton’s force joined with that of Major Milton at Destrehan plantation and crushed the revolt. Hampton informs Claiborne that the chief leadership of the revolt “are taken.” By ten o’clock in the evening of January 11, Andry wrote Claiborne that the insurrection was completely broken and that the leaders, including Charles Deslondes, had been killed or captured.

January 11, 1811. Sixty were killed in the battle, seventeen missing and sixteen taken captive and held for trial.

January 13, 1811. Trial for those captured for participation in the revolt was held almost immediately. Twenty-one accused were placed on poles along the German Coast. Three of those implicated were judged innocent and six pending further investigation. What happened to the six is not known. 

The Louisiana Gazette and New Orleans Daily Advertiser

Thursday, January 10. 1811

The brigands were on last evening the plantation of Colonel Fortier; the numbers are variously stated from 150 to 500. During the night they dispersed, and have for the most part taken to the woods. The mischief done is not ascertained--there is, however, reason to apprehend that several of our fellow citizens have been massacred, some dwelling houses burnt and other pillaged.

The near approach of a detachment of United States’ troops and of the volunteer corps, under the command of General Hampton occasioned their dispersion; twelve or fourteen have been taken. The General remains with troops up the coast, and the citizens can be assured he will take such measures as circumstances may require and security advises.

The inhabitants of New Orleans and its vicinity will continue vigilances. Regular patrol service by day and by night will be ordered and must be performed; it is considered essential to our safety.[1]

 WILLIAM C.C. CLAIBORNE

 

The Louisiana Gazette and New Orleans Daily Advertiser

Friday, January 11, 1811

The militia on the west side of the river crossed above the banditti3 of Negroes yesterday about ten o’clock and attacked them; killed several, took some prisoners, and dispersed the whole body; the fugitives retreated to the swamp several of whom soon after returned surrendered, amongst which is Charles, a yellow fellow, the property of Mr. Andry who was the leader of the miscreants.4

From every account we have received the danger appears to be at and end. No nature plan had been arranged by blacks and the measures now adopted will ensure tranquility. General Hampton is on the coast with a respectable force--Major Milton, who was on his march to Baton Rouge, with about 150 regular troops, we are informed, was above where the ravages commenced and was coming down; so that there is little doubt but before third, the whole of the banditti are completely routed.

The Louisiana Gazette and New Orleans Daily Advertiser

Saturday, January 12, 1811

The accounts from the coast corroborate that of yesterday. The troops continue to kill and capture the fugitives, ten or twelve of who were brought to town this morning; and in a few days planters can with safety return to their farms. We expect soon  (perhaps on Monday) to give a detailed account of damage done by the brigands. 

The Louisiana Gazette and New Orleans Daily Advertiser

Monday, January 14, 1811 

Extract of a letter from General Hampton to Governor Claiborne bearing date as this day, the 12th of January 1811 from the plantation of Mr. Destrehan.

Having yesterday formed a Junction with Major Milton’s Command which has Descended far beyond the Commencement of this shocking insurrection, and having Posted him in this Neighbourhood, to protect & Give Countenance to the Various Companies of the Citizens that are Scouring the Country in Every direction, I shall permit the detachment expedient to Order down a Company of Light Artillery & one of Dragoons to Descend from Baton Rouge, and to touch every settlement of consequence and to Crush any disturbances that May have taken place higher Up--The Chiefs of the party are taken. [2]

The Louisiana Gazette and New Orleans Daily Advertiser

Thursday, January 17, 1811

COMMUNICATION

It is very difficult to abstain anything like a correct statement of the damages done by the banditti on the coast. They commenced their depredations on the night of the 8th inst, at Mr. Andry’s--killed young Mr. Andry and wounded the old gentleman. After seizing some public arms, liquor stores, and getting half drunk, they marched down the coast from plantation to plantation plundering and destroying property on their way; the inhabitants generally made their escape and the banditti continued on their march until 4 o’clock in the afternoon of Wednesday when they arrived at the plantation of Mr. Cadit Fortier. There they halted (having marched upwards of three leagues) and commenced killing poultry, cooking, eating, drinking and rioting.

When the alarm reached the city much confusion was manifested-non-regular corps of militia, no order nor discipline; yet with a strong disposition was shown by many to render every service in their power. The most active citizens armed themselves and in about an hour after three alarm (although the weather was extremely bad) commenced their march. Their force did not exceed thirty men, mounted on tolerable horses but were continually reinforced as they progressed up the coast. The road for two or three leagues was crowded with carriages and carts full of people making their escape from the ravages of banditti--negroes, half naked, up to the knees in mud, with large packages on their heads driving along toward the city. The accounts we received were various. Fear and panic seized those that were making their escape. It was not possible to make any estimate of the force of the brigands. Some of them to be 500 strong, and that one half of them were armed with muskets and fusils and the others with [?] bres and cane knives.       When we had arrived within a league of Mr. Fortier’s where the banditti were feasting, our numbers had increased near one hundred, but badly armed and accountred. Major Darrington, of the United States Infantry, was named as our commandant--but indeed it was but a name for he was decidedly of the opinion that we ought not to attack the enemy with the small force we had until daylight.  In this opinion he was supported by the informed characters in the detachment but without avail, for some of those were for attacking, had advanced—The major gave orders to prepare for action (this was about eight o’clock at night) and at the moment when every despositon was making for the attack, General Hampton arrived and decided against attacking them until the infantry could be brought up. This he was not able to effect although every exertion way made until 4 o’clock in the morning. Clouds had dispersed, the moon shine was clear and it was excessively cold; the arms of the United States troops glittered in the moonbeams and must have been the cause of the brigands discovering us; for soon after the foot filed off to take them in the rear, they rang an alarm bell and with a degree of extraordinary silence for such rabble, commenced and affected their retreat up the river.

When we took possession of the ground where the brigands had been committing their ravages all night, our troops and horses were so exhausted that we were unable to pursue the fugitives; however, by the activity of the militia and the promptness of Major Milton the regular force under his command that day and the next, the whole of the banditti were routed, killed, wounded and dispersed, and every thing is tranquil.

In this melancholy affair but two citizens have fell by the hands of the brigands, and three dwelling houses burned; not a single sugar house or sugar works were moblested. The poor wretches who were concerned in the depredations have paid for their crime--upwards of one hundred, it is generally supposed, have been killed and hung; and more will be excecuted. This loss alone is expensive to the planters and the most [?] slaves were concerned or joined the poor deluded miscreants who first commenced the ravages.

This awful lesson should strike deep to the hearts of slave holders and those whose duty it is to keep our country in a state of defense; the time may not be distant when we shall be called to the [ ? ] against a more formidable foe that the banditti lately quelled. The doctrine of passive obedience and non-resistance must and will be abandoned. Pleasant as sleep of peace with disgrace may be the sordid mind, it cannot be any longer. Let our rulers awaken from the lethargy and say by acts, not by deeds, that they are worthy of their station. Let them hand the national sword to those who know how to appreciate its [?]. [3]

NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS

New York Evening Post. Tuesday, February 19, 1811

The following is an extract of a letter from a gentleman at New--Orleans, to a member of Congress, dated January 11, 1811.

“We began on Wednesday last to have a miniature representation of the horrors of St. Domingo. About noon and express arrive at the government house with the information of the rising of the negroes about 36 miles above the town, same side of the Mississippi. -- A few hours after a procession of carriages, wagons and carts, filled with women and children began and continued until night. -- Accounts were given of the murder of several planters and conflagration of several Plantations. Gen. Hampton set off with 60 regulars and about 400 militia. During the night the woman and children came pouring into the city from upper suburbs, bringing the most terrible accounts. but in themorning it appears that one dwelling house, of as Mr. Trask (Mr. Pointdexters brother sin law) had been burnt and three men killed. About breakfast time a little boy about 6 years of age was brought in mangled by four strokes of a cutlass, ands flying reports of murders and burning house were spread. Last night the whole city was up in great alarms. This morning the reports are that a partial engagement has taken place, --18 Negroes killed and some prisoner. --Major Milton with 200 regulars, who were going up to Baton Rouge, have retuned and were within 6 miles of the Negroes.”

The following was published by authority.

The Enquirer Richmond February 19, 1811

New Orleans, January 7, 1811

General Wade Hampton, Commander in Chief of the U. S. Troops in the southern division, arrived in this city last evening. This moring he received a salute from the park of Artillery--the troops were in excellent order & does much to honor Major McRea and the officers of his garrison.

New Orleans, January 10, 1811

The brigands were on last evening at the plantation of Colonel Fortier; their numbers are variously stated from 180 to 500. During the night mischief done is not ascertained--there is, however, reason to apprehend that several of our fellow citizens have been massacred, some dwelling houses burnt and other pillaged.

The near approach of a detachment of Unites States troops and of the volunteer crop, under the command of General Hampton, occasioned their dispersion; twelve of fourteen have been taken. The General remains with the troops up the coasts, and the citizens may be assured he will take such measures, ad circumstances may require and their safety advise.

The inhabitants of New Orleans and its vicinity will continue their vigilances. Regular patrol service by day and by night will be ordered and must be preformed; it is considered demential to our safety.

WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE  

__________________

GENERAL ORDERS

Head--quarters, Government House, New Orleans, January 9, 1811

The whole Militia of the City and Suburbs of New Orleans are ordered into immediate service. The Governor commands in person. The militia residing within the limits of the Suburbs, Marginy and Declouet at house of Mr. Bernard Marigny and will receive the orders of Col.  Arhaud of the Second Regiment. (Here follow other military arrangements of the same description.)

WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE

_________________

Headquarters, Government House, New Orleans, January 9, 1811

 All the Cabarets in the City of Suburbs of New Orleans are ordered to be immediately closed and no male Negro is to be permitted to pass the streets after 6 o’clock.

 WILLIM C. C. CLAIBORNE

__________________

Head-Quarters, New Orleans, January 10, 1811, at 6 o’clock,  A.M.

The Militia of the City and Suburdbs of New Orleans will continue on duty: the planers of rendezvous and the officers in command, the same as in last evening. The persons and property of our fellow citizens are still menaced. The Commander in Chief expects a cheerful and general will receive the orders of Colonel Faucet.

WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE

____________________

 

NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS

 T h e  E n q u i r e r  R i  c h m o n d ,  F e b r u a r y  2 2 ,1 8 1 1

New Orleans, January 11

The militia on the west side of the river crossed above the banditti yesterday about ten o’clock and attacked them; killed several, took some prisoners, and dispersed the whole body; the fugitives retreated to the swamp several of whom soon after returned and surrendered, amongst which is Charles, a yellow fellow, the property of Mr. Andre, who was the leader or the miscreants.

From every account we have received, the danger papers to be at and end. No mature plan had been arranged by the brigands and the measures now adopted will ensure tranquility. General Hampton is on the coast with a respectable force—Major Milton, who was his march to Baton Rouge with about 150 regular troops, we are informed, was above where the ravages commenced and was moving down; so that there is little doubt, but before this, the whole of the banditti are completely routed.

 

January 12. The accounts from the coast corroborate that of yesterday. The troops continue to kill and capture the fugitives, ten or twelve of whom were brought to town this morning; and in a few days the planters can with safety return to their farms. We expect soon (perhaps on Monday) to give a detailed account of the damage done by the brigands.

Extract of a letter from General Hampton to Governor Claiborne bearing date on this day, the 13 th of January 1811, from the plantation of Mr. Destrehan.

“Having yesterday formed junction with Major Milton’s command, which has descended far beyond the commencement of this shocking insurrection, and having posted him in this neighborhoods, to protect scouring the country in every direction, I shall permit the detachments that came with me from the city to return. But I have judged it expedient to order a company of Light Artillery and one Dragoons to descend from Baton Rouge, and to touch at every settlement of consequence, and to crush Any disturbances that may have taken place higher up—The chiefs of the party are taken”

___________________

 

January 17. It is very difficult to obtain any thing like a correct statement of the damages done by the banditti on the coast. They commenced their depredation on the night of the 8th inst. at Mr. Andry’s—killed young Mr. Andry, and wounded the old gentleman. After seizing some public arms that was in one of Mr. Andry’s stores and breaking open side boards and liquor stores, and getting half drunk, they marched down the coast from plantation to plantation, plundering and destroying property on their way; the inhabitants generally made their escape and the banditti continued on their march until 4 o’clock in the afternoon on Wednesday, when they arrived at the plantation of Mr. Cadit Fortier, there they halted, (having marched upward of five leagues) and commenced killing poultry, cooking, eating, drinking and rioting.

When the alarm reached the city, much confusion was manifested. The most active citizens armed themselves, and in about an hour after march, their force not exceeding thirty men mounted on tolerable horses, but were continually reinforcing as they progressed up the coast. The road for two or three leagues was crowded with carriages and carts full of people, making their escape from the ravages of the packages on their heads driving along towards the city. The account we received was various.

When we had arrived within a league of Mr. Fortier’s where the banditti were feasting our numbers had increased to near one hundred, but badly armed and accountred. Major Durrington, of the United States Infantry was named as our commandant--but indeed it was but a name, for he was decidedly of the opinion that we ought not to attack the enemy with the small force we had until daylight; in this opinion he was supported by the best informed characters in the detachment, but without avail, for some of those who were for attacking had advanced-- The Major gave orders to prepare for action, (this was about eight o’clock at night) and at the moment when every disposition was making for the attack, General Hampton arrived, and decided against attacking them until the infantry could be brought up; this he was not able to effect although every exertion was made, until 4 o’clock in the morning—the clouds dispersed, the moon shine clear, and it was excessively cold; the arms of the United States troops glittered in the moon beam and must have been the cause of the brigands discovering us; for soon after the foot filed off to take them in the rear, they rung the alarm bell, and with a degree of extraordinary silence for such a rabble, commenced and affected their retreat up the river.

When we took possession of the ground where the brigands had been committing their ravages all night, our troops and horses were so exhausted that they were unable to pursue the fugitives; however, by the regular force under his command, that day and the next, the whole of the banditti were routed, killed, wounded and dispersed, & every thing is tranquil.

In this melancholy affair, but two citizens have fell by the hands of those brigands, and three dwelling houses burned; not a single sugar house nor sugar works were molested. The poor wretches who were concerned in the depredations, have paid for their crimes--upwards of one hundred, it is generally supposed, have been killed and hung, and more will be executed

__________________

January 22. An accurate enumeration was taken of Thursday last, of the negroes killed and missing form Mr. Fortier’s to Mr. Andy’s and is as follows, viz:

Killed and executed                                                                    66
Missing                                                                                         17
Sent to New Orleans for trial                                                  _16__
                                                                                                        99

From this statement the loss is not so great as was at first calculated. Those reported missing are supposed generally to be dead in the woods, as many bodies have been seen by the patrol.--Louisiana Gazette

__________________

A public dinner was given to Governor Claiborne yesterday by a number of respectable citizens of this city.

___________________

The dinner intended to be given to General Wade Hampton on Thursday next, is postponed till Saturday 2nd February, on account of the unavoidable absence of the General.


 SECTION I I

 Abstracts of the Civil Records of St. Charles and

St. John the Baptist Parishes

1804 -1812

Notes and Documents 

SUMMARY OF TRIAL PROCEEDINGS OF THOSE ACCUSED OF PARTICIPATINGIN THE SLAVE UPRISING OF JANUARY 9, 1811

St. Charles Parish Original Acts, 1810

No. 74 12-17-10

SLAVE SALE. Andre Champagne declared, in the presence of Charles Aime Darrensburg and Charles Parret, that, possessing power of attorney from his mother, Widow Jean-Batistes Champagne, he sold an orphan slave name Helene (10) to Andre Schexnayder, Jr., for $500. 

No. 75 12-19-10

SLAVE SALE. Pierre Champage declared, in the presence of Charles Aime Darensbourg and Charles Perret, that, posing power of attorney from his mother, Widow Jean-Baptiste Champagne, he sold an orphan slave named Felicite (10) to Elie Champagne for $500.

No. 76 12-20-10

SLAVE SALE. Elie Champagne declared, in the presence of Charles Aime Darensbourg and Charles Perret, that, possessing power of attorney from his mother, Widow Jean-Baptiste Champagne, he sold an orphan slave named Charllotte (7) to Pierre Champagne for $300.

Procuration, April 11, 1813. Widow Jean-Baptiste Champagne gave power of attorney to her son Evariste Champagne to collect for her the sum owed by Feucheux. Witnesses: Honore Champagne and D. Lambert.

No. 78 12-29-10

LAND SALE. Andre Pochet declared, in the presence of Charles Aime Darensbourg and Charles Perret, that he sold a farm to Andre Latour. The land measured 60 feet wide by 40 arpents deep, bounded below by the Pochet deposited $300 with the clerk of court for the minor children, Louis Rubleau, Evariste Roubleau, and Sophie Roubleau.

No. 79 12-29-10

LAND SALE. Andre Pochet declared, in the presence of Charles Aime Darensbourg and Charles Perret, that he sold to Antonio Sanchez a piece of land measuring .5 ardent wide by 40 argents deep. The land was bounded below by the property of Jean-Pierre Folse and above by that of the vendor. Price: $500. Pochet deposited with the clerk of the court the sum of $400 for the Roubleau minors for whom he was tutor.

END OF 1810

_____ 

BOOK 41

1811 

No. 1 1-3-11

SLAVE SALE.  Pierre Varron, merchant, declared, in the presence of Charles Perret and Charles Aime Darensbourg, that he sold a slave (19) , native of the Congo, to Mathie Hotard, Jr., for $200. 

No. 2 January 1811

SLAVE UPRISING. This document deals with the events surrounding a slave uprising, which occurred on the German Coast in January 1811. It includes testimony of some of the arrested participants. The uprising appears to have been organized on Manuel Andry’s plantation and from there the insurgents moved down the east side of the Mississippi burning and looting as they went. At Bernard Bernoudy’s plantation they were met by a force of white militiamen under the leadership of Andry. They were dispersed and the fleeing blacks were chased by regular troops under the command of General Wade Hampton and Major Homer Virgil Milton. Over sixty slaves were killed; seventeen remained missing (probably hiding in nearby swamps) and about seventy-five were brought before the district court of St. Charles Parish for interrogation and trial. What follows is a translation of the court’s proceedings following a week of interrogation. The events described took place between January 13 and 15, 1811.

Today, the 13th of January in the year of our Lord, 1811, and the 35th year of American Independence, at the request of Mr. Alexandre Labranche, justice of the peace, I Pierre Bauchet Saint Martin, Judge of St. Charles Parish, Country of the Germans, recognizing the present danger which threatens the parish as well as the Territory, removed myself to the plantation of Mr. Jean-Noel Destrehan, arriving at four o’clock in the afternoon, where found the owner, as well a Mr. Alexandre Labranche, justice of the peace, and Major Mason (sic) Milton, commanding a detachment of troops of the line, who informed me that there were on Mr. Destrehan’s place a certain number of rebel slaves almost all of whom took an active part in the insurrection and placed in prison awaiting trial under the law and with the shortest possible delay, particularly in view of the seriousness of the present situation in which it is necessary to suppress a revolt which could take ona ferocious character if the chiefs and principal accomplices are not promptly destroyed.

In order to satisfy the common wish of the citizens of the County, and to contribute as much as we can to the public welfare, I the Judge, have constituted a tribunal composed of five property owners and myself, conforming to the first section of the act starting which punishments shall be imposed for CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS committed by slaves. The said Tribunal must proceed at once to examine, interrogate, and pass sentence upon the rebels detained on Mr. Destrehan’s plantation.

The members composing the Tribunal are Messrs. Jean-Noel Destrehan, Alexadre Labranche, Cabaret (Pierre-Marie Cabaret de Trepy), Adelard Fortier, and Edmond Fortier, all of whom have taken the oath prescribed in section four of the same act.

The Tribunal called before it today, the 13th, the Negroes: Cupidon, belonging to the Barnacle brothers; Dagobert, belonging to Mr. Delhomme; and Harry, a mulatto, belonging to Messrs. Henderson, and Hendreon, who sere successively interrogated.

The Tribunal assembled on the 14th and called before it the Negroes: Jean and Thomas, belonging ot Mr. Arnuald’ Hypolite, belonging to Mr, Etienne Trepagnier’ Kook, beloing to Mr. James Brown; Eugene and Charles, belonging to the Labranche brothers; Quamana and Robaine, belonging to Mr. Delhomme; Nede, belonging to Mr. Trax; and Amar, belonging to Widow Charbonnet; all of whom confessed and declared that they took a major part in the insurrection which burst upon the scene on the 9th of this month.

No. 13 (cont.)

. . . representing his wife Elisabeth Trepagnier, declared, in the presence of Andre Latour and Charles Aime Derensbourg, that they have given power of attoryney to Jean-Baptiste Labranche, also and their, to settle all affairs pertaining to the succession of the late Francois Trepagnier, Sr.

No. 14  2-8-11

SLAVE SALE. Francois Tregagnier, Jr. declared, in the presence of Andre Latour and Charles Aime Darensbourg, that he sold to his brother, Fulgence, a mulatto slave named Mathias (50), native of Louisiana, for $1,000.

No. 15  2-8-11

SLAVE SALE. Francois Treapagnier, Jr. declared, in the presence of Andre Latour and Charles Aime Darrensbourg, that he sold to Jean-Baptiste Labranche and Hermogene Labrache a slave name Louis (20), native of Louisiana, and another slave named Sophie (19), native of the Congo, both for $1,850.

No. 16  2-10-11

JUDICIAL SALE. Judge Saint Martin was summoned to Antoine Dorvin’s farm and arrived there about 9 a.m. He was informed that Jacquot Thomas, a free men of color, had died interstate on the Dorvin farm about one month before. Thomas had lived on the Dorvin place for about 8 years, having married of Dorvin’s slaves, Dorvin asked Judge Saint Martin to place Thomas’ property in judicial sale. Buyers were Michel Frilloux, George Kindler, Henry Brou, Thomas Rene, Charles Aime Darensbourg, Francois Lucy, Pierre Billaud, Clemenceau. The sale brought $206. Bebts were owefor the funderal, legal fees, and to Brou, Bourgeois, Chauvin, Henry (FMC), Dorvin, Marguerite and Henry (FPC), Antoine Frederic, Charles Perret, Jr., and Frederic Toups. Debts amount to $169. The remaining $37 was handed over to Helene, Thomas’ widow, and her four children.

No. 17  2-20-11

SLAVE TRIAL. At the request of Alexandre Labranche, justice of the peace, Judge Saint Martin went to Labranche’s residence. He was met there by Bernard Bernoudy, Alelard Fortier, Hermogene Labranche and Joseph Duverne, men named by him to constitute a jury for the trial of a slave. The slave was named Jupiter and belonged to Manuel Andry.

Labranche declared that the accused slave had been in his custody since February 7 when Arnauld, Jr. discovered him in the woods involved in the insurrection of January 9 and of being in possession of a gun. Asked where he got the gun, he said he picked it up from one of the slaves killed during the encounter with the whites. Asked what other weapon he had, he said he carried a club.

When asked why he had left the Andry plantation, he said he wanted to go to the city (New Orleans) to kill whites.

After the slave’s testimony was given, the jury noted that he was one of the leaders of the uprising. They ordered that he be hanged on the batture in from of Alexandre Labranche’s farm, and that the sentence be carried out at 4 o’clock that afternoon.

 No. 18  2-20-11

DEPOSITIONS REGARDING THOSE SLAVES WHO ACTED AGAINST THE DESIGNS OF THE SLAVE INSURRECTIONARIES. By virture of a resolution passed by the Legislavtive Council and the house of representatives of the Terrirory to the effect that the parish judges of St. Charles and St. John parishes initiate and inquiry to determine the number and names of the slaves who distinguished themselves in the face of the recent insurrectionaries, the resolution being signed by Jean Vassaud, secretary, and dated February 7, and having reached Judge St. Martin on the 13th, the judge and on February 20, in the presence of Alecandre Labrache, Adelard Fortier, Joseph Duvernay, Bernard Bernoudy, Hermogen Labrache and Jacques Charbonnet, proceeded with the inquiry.

Deposition of Etienne Trepagenier. On the night of January 8-9, the slave named Dominique, belonging to Bernard Bernoudy, who, with his master’s permission, was allowed to visit Trepagnier’s slave quarters, came to Trepagnier to tell him that there was a large number of rebels moving down the river, pillaging the farms and killing whites. The slave told Trepagnier to hide in the woods t save himself. Trepagnier than stated that Dominique departed in order to warm his master, and along the way warned many whites of the impending danger. 

Deposition of Hermogene Labranche. Labranche state that about 6:30 a.m., on January 9, Pierre, his slaved river, was informed by some slaves from the Delhomme place (these slaves having fled into the swamp back of the Delhome place (these slaves having fled into the swamp back of the Labranche place to save themselves from the rebels, or so they told Pierre) that the rebels were approaching and pillaging the farms as they went. Immediately thereafter, Pierre came to him and warned him to flee went. Immediately thereafter, Pierre came to him and warned him to flee t once in order to save himself from the rebels who were then quite near.

About this time, another of his slaves, named Francois, came to alert him to the danger and to advise him to flee immediately into the woods back of his farm. Labrache stated that he and his wife went immediately into the woods. Once he thought the rebels were gone, he sent Francois to confirm the fact so that he and his wife were could get to the river and cross to the west side. Francois followed instructions, and Labrache crossed the river. Francois was left behind to keep an eye on the situation.

The next day, January 10, the militia engaged the rebels on Bernard Bernoudy’s plantation and Francois joined the militiamen in defeating the rebels.

Labranche added that he knew that while Dominique, Bernard Bernoudy’s slave, was on his way home to alert his master, he stopped at Pierre Pain’s farm and instructed Pain’s slave Denys to warn as may whites as possible of the impending danger.

Deposition of Bernard Bernoudy. Bernoudy declared that his slave, Dominique, left the morning of January 9, with his permission, to go to Etienne Trepagnier’s plantation. There he learned of the uprising and came back to Bernoudy to warn him of the impending danger. He then sent Dominique on to New Orleans, alerting white along the way.

Depostion of Adelard Fortier. Fortier declared that about 8 a.m., Januay 9, Dominique, a slave beloning to his father-in-law, Bernard Bernoudy, came to his house to warn him of th uprising and to state that there was no time to lose in escaping the brigands who were killing whites and destroying farms.

Deposition of Jacques Charbonnet. Char bonnet declared that on January 9, being informed of the uprising, he ordered his slave Orestes to go to his aged mother’s house to take the lady to the Destrehan plantation, about 1.5 miles from Charbonnet’s place.         

After doing this, Orestes went back to the Charbonnet place, gathered up the silverware, and hid it and himself until the next day, the 10th, when he returned to his master.

No. 19 2-23-11

JUDICIAL SALE OF THE PROPETY OF PIERRE LAJAUNIE. At the request of Lajuanie, Saint Martin went to Michel Frilloux’s farm, where Lajaunie Lived. Lajuanie declared to Judge Saint Martin, in the presence of Charles Perret and Charles Aime Darensbourg, that his wife, Euphrosine Edelmeier, had died on November 9, 1810, and that his wife, Euphrosine Edelmeir, Eugene (3), and Pierre (3 mos.). He asked that the community property be sold in order that he might settle with his children. Buyers were Frederic Toups, Thomas Rene, Jacques Chauvin, Jean-Louis Edelmeier, Clemenceau, Pierre Billaud, Jacques Chauvin, Francois Fatine (FMC). Sale grossed $349.

No. 20 2-25-11

TRIAL OF A RUNAWAY SLAVE BELONGING TO ETIENNE TREPAGNIER. Judge Saint Martin summoned Andre Latour, Charles Aime Darensbourg, and Mathieu Hotard to serve as a jury as prescribed by the Black Code to judge the slave Augustine, belonging to Etienne Treapagnier, who has handed over to Saint Martin by Destrehan after being captured in cane field.

Augustin was brought before the assembly and stated that he had nothing to do with the recent insurrection; that during the event he was taken by some blacks that threatened him and demanded to know the name of his master. This incident occurred in Brasseua’s cane field. Asked if he knew beforehand of the slave uprising, he replied that the mulatto Charles Deslondes had a woman in Trepagnier’s slave quarter and made the accused accompany the group of rebels. This he did at gunpoint. Later, however, Augustin stated, he did manage to escape and hid in the woods until he was brought in.

The jury decided that no action should be taken against the slave and he was returned to his master.

No. 21 3-7-11

STATEMENT OF SEVERAL REDIDENTS OF SAINT CHARLES PARISH REGARDING THEIR LOSSES IN THE RECENT SLAVE URPISING. Deposition of Alphonse Camus, James Milligan and William O’Wroc (O’Rourke?) relative to slave lost by William Kenner and Stephen Henderson in consequence of the late insurrection.

Executed: Joseph (28), Harry (25)
Condemned and executed: Lindor (28), Charles (25), Noutoun (22), Smillet (28)
Shot by the militia on the plantation to which they belonged: (Jerry and Major shot accidentally): Jerry (30), Major (18), Elisha (28)
Killed by the brigands at Cabaret’s place: Peter (24)
Killed in action between the militia and brigands: Croaker (22)

Deposition of Samuel W. McCutcheon and John Hickman relative to the slaves lost by Samuel W. McCutcheon and Richard Butler in consequence of the recent slave insurrection.

Executed in New Orleans: Daniel (25)
Condemned and executed in St. Charles Parish: Simeon (20)
Shot by the militia on the plantation: Abram (26)
Killed in action: Dawson (20)
Wounded by the militia, right arm useless: Joe Wilkes (28)

Deposition of P. A. Cavalier representing 3 of the heirs of L. A. Mullion and representing Pierre Saint Amand, who represents 7 of the heirs.

Apallon(26)
Henri (28) 

Deposition of James Brown, planter of St. Charles Parish, regarding slaves condemned and executed because of their part in the recent insurrection.

Condemned and executed; Robbing (25), Gualinley (26), Cook (30)
John Barton deposes that the above information is correct.

Deposition of Widow Trepagnier.

Barthelemy (30)
Joseph (30) 

Deposition of Etienne Trepagnier.

Hypolite (30)
Louis (40)
Charlot (50)

Deposition of Adelard Fortier.

Sam

Deposition of Bernard Bernoudy.

 Augustin (25)
Bapatiste (25)

Deposition of Jean Arnauld.

Thomas (35)
Jean (35)

Deposition of Joseph Delhomme.

Dagobert

Deposition of Labranche brothers.

Cupidon (26)
Charles, native of Jamaica (40)
Eugene (17)

Deposition of Joseph Delhomme.

Acara (35)

Deposition of Alexandre Labranche.

Janver (25), shot January 10 

He lost a house which was occupied by the doctor, located on his property near Pierre Reine’s line; burned by the brigands; valued at $1,000. 

Deposition of Jean-Noel Destrehan. 

Gros Lindor (30)
Petit Lindor (30)
Jasmin (45)
Telemanque, shot on Jacques Fortier’s place on January 10.

Deposition of Widow Charbonnet.

Amar (45)

Deposition of Nicolas Picou.

Francois (50)

Note: Pierre Reine’s home was burned by the rebels, but he was in New Orleans at the time these estimations of loss were made; therefore, it was impossible to appraise his loss.

No. 22 3-9-11

CONTINUATION OF THE JUDICIAL SALE OF PROPERTY OF LOUIS-AUGUSTIN MEULLION. At the request of Pierre Saint Amand and Ambroise Cuvillier, both possessing power of attorney from the heirs of  Louis-Augustin of the late Meullion (for the earlier sale see No. 4, 1811). Sale conducted in the presence of Augustin Masicot and Chauvin Delery. Items on sale were animals and slaves. Buyers were Adlard Fortier. Sylvain Saint Amand, Ludgere Fortier, Francois Piseros, Louis Lamber, Alexandre Saint Amand, Rene Trudeau, Chavie and Grasse, Pascalie (?) Lebeau, Baptiste Saint Amand, Edmond Wiltz, and Antoine Saint Amand.

Slaves sold were:

Henry (30) sold to Onezifort Saint Amand for $315;
Jacob (41) sold to Pierre Saint Amand for $1,900;
Andre sold to Francois Saint Amand for $125.

Sale grossed $4, 209.

No. 23 3-11-11

SLAVE SALE. Julian Charles Quelquejeu of St. Charles Parish declared, in the presence of Pierre Saint Martin, Jr. and Andre Latour, that he sold to Charles Perret two slaves, natives of the Congo, one named Julein (22); the other named Andre (22). The two slaves were sawyers and field laborers. Price: $2,000 

No. 24 3-11-11

SLAVE SALE. Charles Perret declared, in the presence of Pierre Saint Martin, Jr., and Andre Latour, that he sold to his son, Charles Perret, Jr., a mulatto slave named Ned (22), native of Virginia. Price: $500.

No. 25 3-30-11

RECEIPT. Widow Jean-Baptiste Champagne declared, in the presence of Charles Perret and Charles Aime Darensbourg, that she received from her son, Francois, full payment for a farm sold to him on June 8, 1809.

NOTES AND DOCUMENTS

SUMMARY OF THIAL PROCEEDINGS OF THOSE ACCUSED OF

PARTICIPATING IN THE SLAVE UPRISING

OF JANUARY 9, 1811[4]

The slave uprising which occurred on the German Coast in January…In the light of information recently discovered in the originally acts of St. Charles Parish. Among the documents pertaining to the uprising is the judge’s summation of the trial proceedings. The Editor’s translation of that document follows:

Today, the 13th of January in the year of Our Lord, 1811, and the 35th year of American Independence, at the request of Mr. Alexandre Labranche, justice of the peace, I, Peirre Bauchet St. Maritn, judge of St. Charles Parish, Country of the Gernams, recognizing the present danger whch threatens the parish as well as the Territory, removed myself to the plantation of Mr. Jean-Noel Destrehan, arriving at four o’clock in the afternoon, where I found the owner, as well as Mr. Alexandre Labranche, justice of the peace, and Major Mason [sic] Milton, commanding a detachment of troops of the line, who informed me that there were on Mr. Destehan’s place a certain number of rebel slaves, prison awaiting trial under the law and with the shortest possible in which it is necessary to suppress a revolt  which could take on a ferocious character if the chiefs and principal accomplices age not promptly destroyed.

In order to satisfy the common wish of the citizens of the Country, and to contribute as much as we can to the public welfare, I, the Judge, have constituted a tribunal composed of five property owners and myself, conforming to the first section of the act stating which punishments shall be imposed for CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS committed by slaves. The said Tribunal must proceed at one to examine, interrogate, and pass sentence upon the rebels detained on Mr. Destrehan’s plantation.

The members composing the Tribunal are Messrs, Jean-Noel Desehan [p. 18], Alexandre Labrache, Cabaret [Pierre-Mari Cabaret de Trepy], Adelard Fortier and Edemond Fortier all of whom have taken the oath prescribed in section four of the same act.

 The Tribunal called before it today, the 13th, the Negroes: Cupidon, belonging to the Labranche brothers; Dagobert, belonging to Mr. Delhomme; and Harry, a mulatto, belonging to Messrs. Kenner and Henderson, who were successively interrogated.

The Tribunal assembled on the 14th and called before it the Negroes: Jean and Thomas, belonging to Mr. Arnauld; Hepolite, belonging to Mr. Erienne Tepagnier; Koock, belonging to Mr. James Brown; Eugene and Charles, belonging to the Labrache brothers; Quamana and Robaine, belonging to Mr. James Brown; Etienne, belonging to Mr. Strax (sic); and Amar, belonging to Mr. Delhomme; all of whom confessed and declared that they took a major part in the insurrection which burst upon the scene on the 9th of this mont. These rebels testified against one another, assassination, arson, pillaging, etc., etc., etc. Upon which the Tribunal, action in accordance with the authority conferred upon it by the law, and action upon a desire to satisfy the wished of the individual named above. This judgement is sustained today, the 15th of January, and shall be executed as soon as possible by a detachment of militia [p.19] which shall take the condemned to the plantation of tribunal decrees that the sentence of death shall be carried out without any preceding torture. It further decrees that the heads of the executed shall be cut off and placed atop a pole on the spot where all can see the punishment meted out for such crimes, also as a terrible example to all who would disturb the public tranquility in the future.             

During the session of Januay 14th, the Tribunal called before it the Negroes named Mingo, Simon, Perry and Iphraim, belonging to James Brown;[5] Jacques, belonging to Mr. Delhomme; Bausson, belonging to Messrss. Kenner and Henderson; Gros Lindor belonging and Petidt Lindor, belonging to Mrs. Destrehan. These nine slaves, duly interrogated, were returned for the charges against them seem vague and of little certainty.

The Tribunal also called before it, during the same session, the Negroes Robert, Etienne and Sarra, belonging to Mr. Delhomme, who were interrogated at length, adjudged innocent, and released.

Done at the Country of the Germans, St. Charles Parish, Mr. Destrehan’s plantation, Januay 15, 1811, at 10 0’clock in the morining.

                                                                                                                              (Signed)

Cabaret Destrehan Edmond Fortier Aud. Fortier A. Labranche P.B. St. Martin

The tribunal (p.20) in its session of January 15 heard precise denunciations against Simon, belonging to Messrs. Botlair and The Tribunal declared these slaves convicted of the same crimes as the them to death. Their sentences shall be executed as soon as possible and their heads shall be placed on the end of poles, as those of their infamous accomplices, who have already been executed.

Done on Mr. Destrehan’s plantation, January 15, 1811

Cabernet Destrehan Edmond Fortier Aud. Fortier A. Labranche P.B. St. Martin


[1] Also cited in the Richmond Enquirer, dated February 22, 1811 with a slight variation in details.

[2] For the complete letter see General Hampton to Governor Claiborne.  January 12, 1811.  Carter ed. Territorial Papers page 916-917.

[3] Reprinted in the Richmond Enquirer, February 22, 1811.

[4] Louisiana St. Charles Parish, Original Acts, Book 41, 1811, #2, pp. 17-20.  Translation done by Glenn R. Conrad.

[5] This is an error.  These slaves belonged to Botlair and Macoquion.

SECTION I I I

Governor Claiborne’s Correspondence 

Governor C. C. Claiborne Correspondence and letters concerning the slave revolt of 1811 in St. Charles and St. John the Baptist Parishes in January of 1811


To Genl. Hampton

New Orleans, January 7, 1811

Dr. Genl.,

Will you have the goodness to order an escort, for the Bearer who carried the Mail tho’s such part of the Territory, as you suppose may be infested by the Brigands.

I am Sir, &c  &c
Genrl. Hampton                                           
(signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[1]

To the Secretary of State.                                                                                          
New Orleans, January 7, 1811

Sir,

Every measure has been taken for the public safety.The enclosed copies of Genl. Orders will furnish you with such information, as I am possessed of, relative to the movement of the Insurgents.

The Honble.
I am Sir, &c &c

(sgd) W. C. C. Claiborne

 

The Sec.: State[2]

Insurgents. The whole militia of the City are ordered under arms, and you may be assured of its safety.

The Honble.                                          
I am Sir, &c &c

Mr. Smith                                                 
(sgd) W.C.C. Claibone

 

Sec: of State[3]

To Major St. Amand.

New Orleans, Jasnuary 9, 1811
9 O’Clock at night

Sir,

 I have received your letter of the day. The most prompt measures have been taken by me to protect the lives and property of my fellow Citizens. Several hundred men have marched up the Coast by my orders and I hope will soon disperse the Brigands. We all in New Orleans on the alert. Continue with your Neighbours and maintain order and discipline. I pray God that the force sent from this City may soon meet The Brigands and arrest them in their murdering carreer.

Yr. With respect &c &c
Majr. St. Amand.                                                   

(Signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[4]

 

To Major Bullingney.

Evening of the 9th of Jan: 1811.

Sir,

Your letter of the Evening is received. The afflicting news to which you allude reached me on this  morning at 10 o’clock; and I have taken the most prompt measures to defend the persons and property of my fellow Citizens against Brigands who are advancing. Assemble the Citizens of your Neighbourhood, Keep regular patroles throughout the night; and apprise me by express of any information that my reach you, which it is proper for me to know.

I name you for this occasion the Commandant of Patroles, and you will proceed forthwith to act in that capacity. Several hundred men have marched from this City to the assistance of the People on the Coast.

I am Sir, &C &C
Majr. Bullingney                                            

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[5]

 

To Genl. Hampton

Sir,  

I pray you to have the goodness to order, a Guard to the Bayou Bridge, with instructions to the Officer to permit  no Negroes to pass or respass the same.

Yrs. with respect &C &C

 9th January 1811                                                              (signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[6]

 

Circular

To the Several Colonels of Regiments; and the several Parish Judges on the Coast

New Orleana, January 10, 1811

 

Sir,

Order strong Militia patroles by day and night; and cause a strict police among the Slaves to be maintained. Enclosed is the best account of an Insurrection, I can give, which has broken out on the Coast. New Orleans is in perfect safety.

 I am Sir, &C &C

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[7]

 

To the Secretary of State

New Orleans, January11, 1811

Sir,

The Insurgents were attached on Yesterday by a party of armed Citizens, under the Command of Col. Andre; several were killed, and 18 or 20 taken, but no official information has yet been received. The Insurrection is by no means general and will I trust be very soon put down.

The Honble.                                                     
I am Sir &C &C

Mr. Smith   

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[8]

 

MANUEL ANDRY TO GOVERNOR CLAIBORNE

[NA: SD, Orleans Terr. Pagers, XII]

[January 11, 1811]

We lay before our readers the following Letter, addressed by the brave and respectable Mr. Andry, father, to his Execellency Governor Claiborne. It contains the most positive and latest intelligence form above. 

 

To His Excellency Governor Claiborne.

SIR,

I have only time to inform you in the shortest way, of the unfortunate events which have lately happened, and of which I am one of the principal sufferers. An attempt was made to assassinate me by the stroke of an axe, and my poor son has been ferociously murdered by a hord of brigands who from my plantation to that of Mr. Fortier have committed every kind of mischief and excesses, which can be expected from a gang of atrocious banditt’s of that nature. But at last notwithstanding all their nefarious deeds, their plot has been completely frustrated, and seeing that they were unable to perform it, they have come up to pursue their criminal course. With unremitting exertions and exhortations, I have been able to collect a detachment of about eighty men, and although wounded, I have taken the command of my brave fellow planters. We have been so happy as to  meet the brigands, who were in the neighborhood of the plantation of Mr. Bernoudi, colors upon their troops, of whom we made considerable slaughter. The spot was unfortunately unpropitious to cut of their retreat, so that many have horseback, have made their escape with greater facility. I gave immediately ordered several strong detachments to pursue them through the woods, and at every moment our men bring them in or kill them I hope we are now free from any fear of this plot, because it does no appear to be general. But we must make a GREAT EXAMPLE. I think a detachment of regular troops would  be very useful for the tranquility of our coast, because I am obliged to order many detachemets of militia to meet and destroy the remaining of those brigands. If  we can take alive finished. I have several other informations to give you, but for the present I am too harassed and pressed by sorrow, and I will  very soon transmit you further communications.

Accept, Sir, the assurances of the profound respect, of your most devoted servant.

ANDRY.

German coast, January 11th, 1811

 

WADE HAMPION TO GOVERNOR CLAIBORNE

[NA:SD, Orleans Terr. Papers, XII]

Copy                                                                                                         

at Mr, Detrehans     
12 Jan 1811

DEAR SIR

Having yesterday formed a Junction With Major Milton’s Command which has Discended far beyond the Commencement of this shocking insurrections, and having Posted him in the Neighbourhood, to protect & Give Countenance to the Various Companies of the Citizens that are Scouring the Country in Every direction, I shall permit the detachment; that Came With me from the City, to return. The Garrison has been Much Weakened, and We have a detachment of the Marine whose presence are also had an Opportunity of feeling their Physical force. they are equal to the protection of their own property & cone of Dragoons to Descend from Baton Rouge & to touch at Every Settlement of Consequence, and to Crush any disturbances that  May have taken place  higher Up--the plan is unquestionable of Spanish Origin, & has had an extensive Combination. The Chiefs of the party that took the field are both taken, but there is

Without doubt others behind the Outlaw Still More formidable. I shall have the pleasure of seeing you this Evening & of Giving you more particulars--

I have Written these in Much haste & have Used the first implements that I have been able to get into my hand, with which  I could have Written Even So Much

Very respectfully yours

(Signed) W. HAMPTION

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR[9]

 

To the Secretary of State

New Orleans January 12, 1811

Sir,

My impression is that we have nothing further to apprehend (for the present) from the Brigands. The enclosed letter from Col: Andre exertion shall be made to cause an early arrest of such as have escaped, and in the mean time the measures I have ordered, with a view to the  public safety  and tranquility will be continued.

The Fort Mobile is still in possession of the Spaniard, but the Citizens of the Town and its vicinity, refuse to obey the orders of the Spanish Commandant, alleging that the President of the United States, they will be true & faithful in their allegiance to the United States Such Sir is the substance of the latest information received.

The Hobble.

Mr. Smith

Sec: of State:[10]

 

To Col: Andre.

New Orleans January 13, 1811

My Dear Sir,

I have received your several letters and most sincerely do I  sympathize with you in the untimely and unfortunate death of your amiable Son. But our lamentations are useless. He is gone to a better and a happier world!

I cannot too much applaud the brave and firm conduct of yourself and your fellow Planters. Every thing is tranquil in this City and I

Co; (sir) Andre
Accept the best &C &C

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[11]

 

To Major St. Amand & Col: Andre.

N. Orleans January 14: 1811

Sir,

Your letter of the 13th Instant has been recd. It gives me sincere satisfaction to learn that the late atrocious Insurrection has activity and firmness of my fellow Citizens. We are now all convinced of the nessity of a well-organized Militia, and I really will not a strong Militia Law. In the mean time we must continue our vigilance; Major. St. Amand

I am sir, &c &c
Col: Andre                                                                     

sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[12]

 

To Mr. Dubourg.

N. Orleans January 14. 1811

Sir,

It being represented dot me that the insurrection among the slaves in the Country of German Coast, was entirely quelled and nearly the whole of the Insurgents, either Killed or taken, the services of the Company under your Command are no longer necessary, and you will be pleased to discharge them from further duty. Be so good as to convey to confidences, in their patriotism and bravery, accompanied with my best thanks for the Services they have rendered the Territory.

I have the honor &c &c
Mr. Bubourg                                                                         

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

To the Secretary of State,

N. Orleans January 14, 1811

Sir,

The Insurrection among the Negroes is quelled; and nearly the whole of the Insurrection among the Negroes is quilled or taken. The prompt and judicious movement of Genl. Hampton contributed very much to the public.

Safety; and the ardour activity and firmness of the Militia have made an impression upon the Blacks that will not (I suspect) for a length of time be effaced. I have also to

acquaint you of the patriotic Conduct of the Captain and Crews of the Merchant Vessesls in this port. These brave Tars to a man tendered their services, and several hundred armed with Cutlasses were placed by my orders under the Command of an excellent Citizen Mr. Benjamin Morgan. One company was marched up the Coast and the others were on duty in the department. The free men  of color also on this occasion manifested the greatest zeal for the public safety. Their services were tendered and one Company placed by my orders under the Command of a respectable Citizen Major Dubourg, performed with great exactitude and propriety a Tour of dutyn16

Sec: State[13] 

To John N. Detrehan Esqr.

N. Orleans January 16, 1811

Sir,

I am indeed greatly solicitous to visit my fellow Citizens up the Coast, but I  am prevented by the multiplicity of business, which indispensable. I sincerely ad heartily congratulate you on the discomfiture of the late daring Insurrection. It is just and I believe absolutely essential to our future safety that a proper and great expel should be made of the guilty.

There may however be cases in which under the Testimony the Court and Jury may feel themselves bund to render the Testimony the Court and Jury may feel themselves bound to render judgment of condemnations; yet circumstances may exist which would call fro mercy and justify the interposition of Executive power. If any such cases should arise the Court and Jury ill I hope recommend the offender to clemency; which will have great Wight(sic) with the Executive.

I am Sir, & C &C

J.N. Detrehan Esq.  

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[14]

 

WADE HAMPTON TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR

[NA:WD, Go, Old Recs. Div.:AIS]

New Orleans, 16th  Jan 1811

SIR. Referring to my letters of the 3rd & 5th from Baton Rouge, I have SIR. Refering to my letters of the 3rd & 5th from Baton rouge, I have the hornor to add that I arrived at this place on the morning of the 7th   About 12 O’clock on the Morning of the 9th the governor came to me with the unpleasant information that a formidable insurrection had commenced.  Among the blacks, on the left bank of the river, about 4o Miles above this city, which awes rapidly advancing towards it, and carrying in it’s train fire, Murder & pillage. The regular force in the City was inconsiderable, and as there was nothing like and organized Militia, the confusion was great beyond descriptor.

So soon as two companies of Volunteer Militia could be paraded, I joined to them 30 Regulars & marched at their heads, about 6 o’clock, to meet the Brigands. It was alls the force, accepts a small garrisons left in the Fort, which at time appeared susceptible of commens. On our March we overtook a company of Seamen which commodore Shaw had sent forward, of which I also took the command. This little force reached the Plantation of Colonel Fortier, Six Leagues form the City, reached the Plantation of Colonel Fortier, Six Leagues from the City, about half after 4 o’clock oven the Morning of the 10th through roads half leg deep in Mud.

Here the Brigands had posted themselves with a strong picket fence, having also the advantage of two strong brick buildings belonging to Colonel Fortier’s Sugar works—I had been joined near theist place by a party of Volunteer Horse, who had come forward destitute of command, but agreed to join in the attack. The order of attack was formed the moment the troops reached the ground, and the Infantry & Seamen so disposed as to enclose by a forward movement three Sides of the small enclosure, which embraced the buildings. And the Horse at the first signal was to charge the other. The Brigand had been alarmed in the night by new young men who had advanced so near as to discharge their pieces at young men who had advanced so near as to discharge their pieces at encompass them, retired in greet silence. They had retreat five leagues with the utmost  precipitation when about 9’oclock of the same Morning they were fallen in with by a spirited party of Young men form the opposite side of the rive, who fired upon & dispersed themes, killing some 15, or 20, & wounding a great many more.

Major Milton at the commencement of this unpleasant affair, was with a company of Lt Artillery & one of Dragoons about a five or six league above, ascending the river affording his aid to the inhabitants. I had sent several expresses to him to the same effects, &therefore continued advancing until we met them [?].

After ordering the two additional companies of Lt troops from Baton Rouge, & establishing a post in the Midst of the district, which had thus been exposed to the greatest of all human calamities, I returned to the city with the little detachment with which I marched out. My means were slender, but I have the satisfaction of believing that the Movement had the effect of giving the first check to a flame which might have inflicted more human misery than ever has been felt within the United States.

The prompt display & exhibition of a regular Military force all along the Coast ( the river) by land & water, has had a most happy effect, as well upon the blacks, as the Citizens, who by this sustenance have been enabled to use & feel their own strength, & to rely upon that which the Government can at all times form Baton Rouge or theist City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has this City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has this City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has forwarded details of the extent of the calamity—To those I beg leave to  refer. I shall write aging in a day or to—and have the honor to be very respectfully

Yr most obt Sert

W. HAMPTON

 

THE HONBLE WILLIAM EUSTIS Secy of War[15]

To Col: Vileran

N. Orleans January 16, 1811.

Sir,

Your letter of the merit is recited. Itch a source of sincere pleasure to us all, that so speedy and end has been put to the Insurrection. Ith seems to me unnecessary to keep the Militia embodied; and you will permit them to return to their respective hove ith will be proper however that strict patrols by night, should be maintained; and you will issue order to that effect.

Assure my fellow Citizen of  my confidence in their patriotism and bravery, and gender to them my best thanks  for the services that have rendered the territory.

I am Sir, &C &C
Col: Vilarae                                                     

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[16]

 

To The Secretary of State

New Orleans January 17, 1811.

Sir,

Every thing is now tranquil in this quarter. For the convenience of the Memoers of the Legislature whose domestic affairs were greatly deranged y the late Insurrection, and required for the present their personal attention, I have prorogued the general assemble y of the territory for two weeks.

Mobile margins in possession of Spanish force; Govr. Folch has not answered my letters to him. I attribute this delay to a disposition off the part of Folch to be previously informed of the Sentiments of the Captain General of Cuba to who he (Folch) is responsible. The flag of the United States has been reared at rhea Pass Christian, and at the Mouth of Pascagoula. My authority is respected in that quarter and good order is restored.

The Honble                                                            
I am Sir, &c &c

\Mr. Smith                                                            

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

                  

Secretary of State[17]

To Simeon Favre Esqre.

                       

20    Claiborne to Colonel Vilerae, N. Orleans, January 16, 1811, in Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 101

21      Claiborne to the Secretary of State N. Orleans, January 17, 1811, Ibid. p. 103

 

N. Orleans January 17, 1811

Sir,

I have you just received form the Major of this City a letter in which he states, that Bradford according to my direction has been taken before Judge Martin; and that Becker and Welch appeared ad Witnesses against him. These persons not being in possession of any facts which would justify the conviction of Bradford; and it being presumed that such testimony may be collected you will be pleased to immediately to take than necessary steps for its procurement, and transmit the same to me without delay. In the mean time Brad rod is committed to prison in order for trial.

I am Sire, &c &c

Simeon Favre Esqr.                                                               

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[18]

 

To Judge St. Martin

N. Orleans January 19, 1811

Sir,

Your letter of the 18th  Instant together with its incisures has been received. I have noticed with sincere pleasure the great fidelity with which for the restoration of good order. Judge Moreau has ordered to you Parish last Unsurrection.  The Judge and Jury of the Parish St. Charles will be condemned by the Trebunal of this parish, of whom one has been recommended to the mercy of the Executive.

The Chief Gilbert the property of Col: Andre surrendered himself on last Evening, and is now in the prison of this City.

I am Sir, &c &c
Judge St. Martin                                                                         

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[19]

 

To John M. Detrehan Esqre.

N. Orleans Jan: 19.1811.

Sir,

Your interesting letter of the 18th was delivered t me on the Evening of the same day by Lieutenant Treaudeau. I am well aware of the unpleasant duties, which have deviled upon Judge St. Martin and the Jury  of the Parish of St. Charles; and am very sensible of the purity of the motives by which they have been influenced and of the Justice and prudence which mark their proceedings. My Counsel on the late occasion would have been unnecessary, the Judge as well as the Citizens who composed the Jury possess my entire confidence; and I am assured that their judgments has been uniformly such as the testimony and the Law warranted.

 The example which has been made of the quilty actors in the late insurrections will I hope produce the derided effect. Justice, policy, our insurrections will I hope produce the desired effect. Justice, policy, our future safety required that the guilty should suffer; for the sake of humanity however itch is greatly to be desired, that the list of the list of the quilt may not be found  still greeter. And although there may be cases when Judge and Jury must condemns the accused, in order to do what the law and the testimony warrants, injury to the public safety, I have therefore only to repeat to you, that in all cases where circumstances suggest the exercise of mercy a recommendation t that effect from the Court and jury, will induce the Covernor to extend to the convict a pardon.

By order of Judge Moreau six of the Brigands have been ordered for trial to the Parish of St. Charles, of  course Judge St. Martin and the Jury will resume their Sessions.

By order of Judge Moreau six of the Brgands have been ordered for trial to the parish of St. Charles, of course Judge St. Martin and the Jury will resume their  Sessions.

I am happy to find form the report of the Judge so few Slaves are now in the woods. I hope this dreadful Insurrection is at an end and I pray God! We may never see another. The loss of property sustained by our Plantersis indeed considerable; but I rejoice that it has not been greater. I am under great obligations to the Army, the volunteer Corps and  the Miltia for their prompt, and ardent exertions, for the public safety. The Zealous and meritorious services of our friend Treaudau merit the highest Eulogium and Capt. Lacosto is also entitling to great credit.

I sincerely wish your health &c &c

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

Jonh N. Detrehan Esqr. [20]

 

To Col: John Ballinger

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Dr. Sir,

I have received you letter of the 14th Instant. It does not appear that the late Insurredion in this vicinity was off extensive combination; but the result only of previous concert between the slaves of a few adjoining has awakened a spirit vigilance throughout the territory, which, if induce the Legislature to gibe us a more energetic Militia System, and to interpose some check to that indiscriminate importation of Slaves form the southern states… 

Col. J. Ballinger                                          
I am Sir &c &c

(Signed[21]) W.C.C. Claiborne[22]

 

To Major St. Amand

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Sir,

Your letter of yesterday has been received and finishes me with fresh proof of you Zeal for the public Service.

Considering this insurrection as at as end the patrols may until further orders, be left to the discretion and directions of the parish Court.

I approve of the distribution you made of powder and arms to the Citizens, and with regard to the public muskets, which silt remain in your possession, I would wish you to distribute them among the freemen who reside in the parish of St. Charles, taking a memorandum of the name of each Individual to whom a musket is delivered. It is surely of importance that the militia should be armed; and I persuade myself that the late event, will induce every Citizen to whom a musket is presented, to keep the same it good order. The public powder in you possession, you will be pleased also t distribute among the Citizens.

I am Sir, &c &c
Majr. St. Amand                                                       

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[23]                    

 

To the Secretary at War

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

Sir,

During the late Insurrection in this  Territory, the public safety required, that the most immediate and energetic measures should be resorted to. I ordered the whole Militia of the City on duty. A Detachment marched to. I ordered the howler Militia of the City on duty. A Detachment marched against the Insurgents, and Horses, Carts, and whatever else was Detachment marched against the Insurgents, and Horses, Carts, and whatever else was necessary for and instantaneous movement were pressed into the public Service.

I have necessarily made some expenditures, and to meet them, I shall draw Bills on the Department of War, which I persuade myself will be duel honored. The necessity was most pressing every moment’s delay added force the insurgents and increased the danger. My orders however were zealously and promptly excited, and in forty-eight hours the public safety was endured. The Militia has not required compensation for their services, nor will any be offered them. The charge against the U.S. is only for provisions, horses, Carts &c, and the amount I presume will not exceed twelve or fourteen hundred dollars. I have informed the Secretary of State of the patriotic ardor, which on this occasion was manifested by every class of my fellow Citizens, nor did I omit to ear testimony to the very class of my fellow Citizens, nor did I omit to bear testimony to the  very correct conduct to eh armed force of U.S. in the vicinity, and of the prompt and judicious arrangements of General Hampton, under whose Command the several detachments of Militia, that marched against the Insurgents were placed.

The Honble.                                                                
I am Sir &c &c
Mr. Eustice                                                               

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

Sec: War.[24]

To the Secretary of State

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

Sir,

I have the honor to enclose you a Copy of a letter addressed to me, by Col: Cushing dated at Mobile the 8th of the present Month; and which contains the latest information I have received from that  quarter.

My authority is respected in every part of the newly acquired territory, except a small District around the Town and Fort of Mobile; and Territory, except a small District around the town and Fort of Mobile; and there until you further orders the Spanish must remain undisturbed.

The Individuals whom I mentioned in a former Letter, a having been taken prisoners by Govr. Folchn, remain in a confinement at Pensacola. Throughout the whole District of Baton Rouge there is a lively interest expressed as to the fate of these unfortunate men; and I am frequently have you previous sanction.

The Hobble.                                                               
I am Sir, &c &c
Mr. Smith

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne                 

 

Sec: State[25]                                                           

Private Letter to Judge Moreau Lislet.

Dear Sir,                                                                    

N Orleans Jan:20.1811.

It has been represented to me, that a Negroes of the name of Telemachus, the property of Mr. Bernady is now confined in Jail; and that in all the testimony taken of the subject of the late conspiracy, Telemaachus has not been in tee least degree inculpated. Will you do me the favor to say whether such be the release of said Slave.

Major Track also has entreated me to pardon one of his slaves, comedy to die. I have said to him that on the recommendation of the Court and a majority of the Jury his request be granted.

I am Dr. Sr. &c &c     

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

Judge Moreau Listlet.[26]

To Doctor Steele

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Dr. Sir,

I am sorry it has not been in my power to comply with you solicitation in behalf of Mr. Collins, and Mr. McCleland. The office for which the first Gentlemand was a candidate, has already been promised to another, and that which the latter desired had been previously conferred on a Mr. Kavinaugh.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of Mobile, but I persuade myself that orders to dispossess them, will very soon reach me. Congress will I trust act on this occasion, with energy ad decision. Such Congress will I trust act on this occasion, with energy and decision. Such a course I am persuaded will meet support of the nation.

The late Insurrection has been effectually crushed. It does not appear to have been of extensive combination, and the mischief done is by no means as great as was at first apprehended. Two Citizens only were murdered, three great as was at first apprehended. Two Citizens only were murdered, three dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained a serious loss by the number of Slaves killed and executed to the newly acquired Instant, and I hope their first act will be to extend to the newly acquired Territory a just share in the reorientation to the General Assembly.

I am Dr. Sr. &c &c
Doctr. Steele                                                                

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[27]

 

To Mr. Jefferson.

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

My Dear Sir,

I have the pleasure to inform you that the Laws of this Territory are in force in every part of that tract of Country directed to be occupied by the President’s Proclamation of the 27th of October last except a small District must remain undisturbed until the further orders of my Government. I hope however these orders will not be long delayed. If there be a foreign nation disposed to resist the taking possession of the Country West of the Perdido, by the United States, its wrath will not be diverted by a forbearance to there can only tend to created dissatisfaction among our own Citizens, and give countenance to a charge (which is already circulate) of want of firmness and decision on the part of Congress.

We have lately experienced much alarm in consequence of and Insurrecton among the Slaves in this vicinity. It at first assumed a menacing aspect; vat was very son quelled by the prompt and decisive moments, of the armed force of the United States, and the Body of the Militia. Livingston had left this for the United States, and the Body of the Militia. Livingston, had left this for the U. S. previous to my arrival. He had exhausted all his ingenuity to oblation a judgment against the late Marshal; and to repossess himself of the Batture; but has been completely foiled. The Mayour of the City informs me that all the documents you requested have been forwarded to your address.[28]

The Legislature of the Territoru will be in Session in a few days. It is probable that the case of the Batture will again be brought before them. I am greatly desirous to see you Mennoir on that subject, in the hands of the People. It cannot fail to make a great and just impression.

I am Sir &c &c
Mr. Thos. Jefferson[29]                                                   

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

To Major Dubourg

N. Orleans Jan:21.1811

Sir,

A Slave of the name of Gilbert has been convicted of the Offence of aiding and abetting in an Insurrection, and has been sentenced to be shot. Will you be pleased therefore to furnish the Sheriff who will resent you this not, with a guard from among the Compny of volunteers, under you Command, to carry into effete the sentence aforesaid.

I am Sir, &c &c
Major Dubourg                                                                

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[30]

 

Speech Delivered by Governor Claiborne to both Houses of the Lesgislative Body of the Territory of Orleans-Jan:29.1811. 

Fellow Citizens of the Legislative Council and of the House of Representatives.

A late event which extends you Authority over and additional tract of fertile Country, and introduces into the bosom of our family a brave and virtuous people, affords cause of such sincere satisfaction to every patriotic breast that I cannot avoid tendering you the occasion my warmest congratulations.

The just and weighty considerations which induced the President of the United States to direct possession to be taken of the Territory west of the perked, as a part of the Territory of Orleans, are too forcible detailed, Gentlemen, in his Proclamation of the 27th of October to need further illustration, and I presume too fresh in your recollection to require repletion. It is only necessary therefore to inform you that throughout the whole of the Territory in question, except a small District around the Fort and Twon of Mobile I have exercised the powers of Chief Magistrate’ that by and Ordinandce bearing date on the 7th of last December, the Country of Feliciana was established, and its Eastern boundary declared to e the Revera Perdedo’ that by subsequent Ordenadnces, there were created in the County aforesaid the perished of Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, St. Helena, St. Tammany, Veloxy and Pascafoula; that Parish Judges and other necessary Civil Officers have been duly commissioned, and that god order is preserved. Copies of those Ordinances will be laid before you and its rests with the Lesgislature to correct such defects, as they may be found t contain.

There is nothing I more desire, than to see our newly adopted fellow Citizens, prosperous and happy under the influence of a free Government and just Laws’ not do I doubt Gentlemen you readiness to Government and just laws; not do I doubt gentlemen you readiness to do whatever their intestine may advise. It is of primary impotence that a Law should pass, according to the Inhabitants of Feliciana, their full share in the representation the general Assembly. You powers are competent, and President has expressed his earnest desire, that the period of their present privation should be prolonged beyond the unavoidable necessity of this case. It is also important to provide for and additional Circuit Court, whose Sessions shall be Holden at Baton Rough with appellate jurisdiction from the several Parish Court, whose Sessions shall be Holden at Baton Rough with appellate jurisdiction from the several Parish Court. There are unquestionably other objects greatly infesting to the good people of Felicia; but the consideration of such as are not of pressing concern, Felicia; but the considerations of such as are not of pressing concern, had better be deferred until you shall  be in possession of that local information, which their immediate Representatives will be best enables to communicate.

The late daring and unfortunate Insurrection, in the Parishes of St. john Baptist and St. Charles, does not appear to have been of extensive domination’ but the result only of previous concert between the slaves of a few neighboring Plantations. It has been speedily and entirely quelled. We have however to regret the untimely death of two highly esteemed Citzens, cruelly massacred; and the great and serious loss of property sustained by many of our planters. This loss does not fall with in the cases for which a remuneration is provided by the existing Laws; but I am persuaded Gentlement, you will be disposed in the present instance, to extend their provisions, as far as the public sympathy for private suffering may suggest and a just policy warrant.

The example which had been made of the principles in this Insurrection, will I hope produce the desired effect; the vigilance also which the event has awakened, throughout the territory will conduce much to our future security; but above all the prompt, ardent and decisive several volunteer Corps’ and the body of the Military must have made an impression, that will not for a length of time be effaced.

To guard however more effectually against occurrences of this kink for the future, some further, and stronger preventive to that of notoriety that merges of Character the most desperate and conduct the most infamous.—Convicts pardoned on condition of transportation, dwell on this subject in unnecessary. The consequences which from a continuance of this traffic are likely to result may be easily anticipated.

I could not avail myself of an occasion as favorable as the present, to renew my entreaties for a more energetic Militia System. The best interest of the Territory; the safety of our families and of our property, united in recommending this subject to you early and most serious consideration. The present lax and disorganized state of the Militia is not attributable to a want of exertion on the part of the object to the leading principles of the System; they are believed to be the introduction of order and discipline. A few Amendments only to the existing Law are necessary, to effect the purposes for which it is Musters, and direct the latter to be ore frequent than heretofore’ the wealthiest of our Citizens unwilling to incur them) and provide to enforce their orders;   punish the disobedient and disorderly with fines ad if necessary with imprisonment; and let the exemptions from duty be as circumscribed as possible. In a word let your Law be as rigid as the Princiles of free Government, can be brought to are aware of the many casualties, internal and external and extend to which the Territory is exposed, and must be sensible of the importance of a well regulated Militia.

I have noticed Gentlemen a solicitude on the part of many respectable Citizens for a 3rd Bank in this City. If indeed such an Institution promises advantages to commerce and to Agriculture, I shall be happy to approve and Act of Incorporation; but it seems to me expedient that the Territory should retain the Privilege of subscribing fro a portion of the stock, and that the Government should nominate a certain number of Directors. The direction of a Bank carries with it much influence, and such checks should be interposed, as will prevent that influence, from being used with views to private oppression or political Intrigue.

There is another subject greatly interesting to Commerce and to Society at large, which I recommend to the attention of the Legislature. I allude to the present Bankrupt system. It is surely desirable that the Law should provide relief fro the unfortunate trader, and shield the honest debtor from the persecutions of a merciless Creditor. But greet care should be taken, lest the facilities it affords, be made subservient to the purposes of fraud. New Orleans already ranks among the most prosperous Cities of the United States. To its continued welfare a fair commercial character is essential, and to that end nothing cold more contribute, that a strict, but humane statute of Bankruptcy, the provisions of which no honest man would have cause to censure, and no fraudulent one an opportunity to evade.

The ample resources of the Treasury evince the fidelity and ability with which urn fiscal concerns have been conducted. From the annual report of the treasurer you will find a great and increasing surplus fund, and I advise and invite you Gentlemen to appropriate a surplus fund, and I advise and invite you Gentlemen to appropriate a moiety at least of that surplus to objects of public utility. Among these a liberal provision for the education of youth is entitled to precedence. It is a truth universally admitted that Science is the best support of liberty, and that to maintain our Republican Institutions Information must be diffused among the body of the people.

I do not know Gentlemen that I shall have the smallest objection to any measure you may propose. But with great deference permit me to suggest for consideration the expediency of making provision for the extended to them all; that they be so situated as to reconcile local prejudices, and to enlist in their favor the pride and interest of the Citizens generally; that they also be so conducted as to excite among the professors and Students of each Institution a great and constant rival ship. I shall decline  entering into the details of my plan; but on a question in which my Character as a Magistrade, a Citizen, and a father I feel so lively an interest, I will gladly embrace every opportunity for an interchange of Sentiments, and of communicating with you individually.

An important Crisis in our Affairs will soon arrive, and I trust in Heaven it may proof propitious to our welfare. I am persuaded Gentlemen that the Territory of Orleans will be early admitted into the union, ad a Sister State nor is it at all improper, but that Congress may at their  present or ensuing Session, make provision for such admission. I am aware that the minds of many of our Citizens, are not entirely reconcile to such a change of Government; but whatever objections may exist, there is one point of view in which I contemplate our political destinies, and attach for ever the Territory of Orleans, in its present extent to the American Uninon. A Union which has established and which supports the freedom, the greatness of our Country:--A Union on the perpetuity of which depends the safety, the liberty, the prosperity and happiness of ourselves and posterity.

New Orleans                                                              

(sgd) Will C.C. Claiborne

 

Answer, Of the Legislative Council to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

The Legislative Council have perused with due attention you Exellency’s communication, to both Branches of the Legislature. The matter contained therein is of a matter highly important to the interest of the Country at large. The happy annexation of West Florida to this territory is and event that ought to be rejoiced in, by all classes of the Community, as it renders our Territory more compact in having the Sovereign power. The Legislative Council will cheerfully cooperate with the other Branches of the Government in extending as soon as possible to our newly adopted Fellow Citizens the right of representation in the territorial Legislature, upon just and equitable principles.

The late unfortunate Insurrection among the Slaves and the untimely end of some of our fellow Citizens, by the unhallowed hands of the desperadoes, and the loss of property to Individuals, is a terrible the desperadoes, and the loss of property to Individuals, is a terrible warning to us all and doubtless has made a proper impression on the minds of our Citizens. This, Sir, proves to us the imperious necessity of a prompt organization  and discipline of the Militia.  That organization is doubtless the surest means of securing the tranquility of our families, and the preservation of our properties.  Therefore beside the severe Laws which it may be necessary to enact on that subject, we think it desirable that a mode of military instruction should be established, which without harassing the Citizens may accustom them to that discipline  and order which it is their interest to observe. Independently of the means which we my ourselves, and at our own expense resort to for the better securing our internal and external tranquility in this Territory, we intend to express to the general Govrnment our wish that one Regiment of Regular Troops and permanently well calculated for the safety of the Union generally, as for our own. Ur Territoru owing to its situation as a frontier and to other reasons part of the United States to external and internal dangers.

We remark with satisfaction that the  time is not far distant when the Territory with its present boundaries is about to take its exalted situation as one of the States of Union. This dignified situation Louisianian will ever be proud of, in more strongly connecting the bond of Union of the great American family.

It is to be lamented that thus far no plan has been fallen on that could be carried into execution for the promotion of Education in the territory, the very Basis of a free Government. It is to be hoped that this Session both Branches of the Legislature  will unite their instruction of the rising generation in our own Country, and not to be tributary to Strangers for what we can have at home. It is more particularly interesting at present moment to form men for the purpose of Self Government.

The Law intoned for the Relief of unfortunate and honest debtors is berry properly commuted on by Your Excellency. Immediate Legislative Interference is necessary to establish and uniform System of Bankruptcy throughout the Territory to protect the really unfortunate, but as severely to punish the fraudulent. The present Law for the relief of Insolvent debtors has been fully proven to be radically bad, and ought to be cut at the root, till some better system can be adopted, which will claim our nearly attention. The fact is that to our knowledge but few unfortunate men have had any relief from the Law, but in many instances it has been a Shield to cover frauds.

The Legislative Council assure you Execllency that they will keep in view and cooperate in Andy measures that may be proposed, that will tend to the true and essential interest of the Country.

New Orleans                                                          

(sgd) Jean Noel Detrehan

31.Jan: 1811                                                                          
Pres: Leg: Coun.[31]

 

Answer, Of the House of Representatives to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

To His Exellency William C.C. Claiborne Governor of the Territory of Orleans.

The House of Representatives receives with great Satisfaction Your Excellency’s communication.

Its important objects will attract their earliest consideration, a coincidence of opinion, directed by a common solicitude for the public good, will produce the results so ardently desired, and so ably recommended. We unite the public congratulations with yours in the event which has extended the wing of the American constitution over an adjacent County, and on the restoration of our antigen Limits, by its annexation to this Territory.

But one Sentiment pervades us—both sincerely rejoice in the extension of the Circle  of human liberty. We receive its inhabitants with open arms. The Tie that binds us together will be strengthened by the recollection, that their destiny is united forever with ours. May they find in this Union tranquility and repose, a Solace for the anxieties and agitations they have felt during their political transitions. We shall avail ourselves of the first occasion to manifest to them our Zeal for their welfare. Our first care shall be to see them fairly and justly represented in our Councils, leaving the organization of their Government to our joint labor and talents.

The members of the Legislature mingle with the public condolence for the loss of our Citizens who fell a sacrifice to the fury of the Blacks in their recent Insurrection, an deeply sympathize in the private Blacks in their recent Insurrection, an deeply sympathize in the private afflictions, and individual misfortune which mark this melancholy event.

We felicitate ourselves and our fellow Citizens that the disaffection was partial, the effort feeble and it suppression immediate. The example has been terrible as the object was sanguinary. Creat fidelity has been evinced by the Slaves towards their master in the most trying circumstances. A Zeal and spirit worthy the occasion manifested itself among our Citizens, and Strangers.

The Blacks have been our Citizens, and Strangers.

And we have learned that our Security deepens on the order and discipline of the Militia.

We justly appreciate the conduct of the Military and Naval forces of reunited States in this quarter, and of our Citizens cooperating with them, and emulating their generous example.

Personal [?] sympathies of private considerations to influence their enquiry.

Our remote situation from the American People, the internal casualties and extensional dangers to which we are expulsed teach us to look for the means of security.  Our own Inhabitants will be equal to Such a System is in the contemplation of the Legislature, and we shall avail ourselves of the valuable information you have done us the honor to communicate.

The flourishing condition of our Treasury places in our hands a large fund for objects of great public utility. Among which there are none that have such high claims upon public confidence as institutions of learning. On these our patronage will vibe bestowed. The peculiar situation of this Country forces the consideration of this subject upon us. Independent of its intrinsic merits of which we are justly sensible.

The other subjects embraced in the wide view Your Excellency has taken of this Country, will receive our peculiar attention.

The erection of this Territory in its present extent into State Sovereignty, and its admission into the Union, will form an interesting Epoch in the political history of this Country. Such an event will not be unpleasing to its inhabitants. It will be received as another Testimony of the parental care with which the American Government has watched over us.

Feeling that our destiny is interwoven with theirs, that a common fate awaits us, we shall cherish the Union with a sincere, cordial and permanent attachment. We shall cling to it as the Ark of safety. A Union which we pray God may be as lasting as time.

Attest,                                                                           

(sgd) Maglore Guichard

Speacker of the House of Representatives       

(Sgd) Elijah Fromentin C.H.R.[32]

 

To Genl. Thomas.

 N. Orleans Jan:30.1811

Dear Sir,

I have received your letter of the 16th Instant.

Several copies of the Civil Code and of the other Laws of the Territory have been sent to the Judge of the Parish of East Baton Rouge with instructions to distribute them among the several of East Baton Rouge Peace and of course you will be furnished with a Copy.

The discontents in your vicinity afford me sincere regret. As relates to the Militia Officers I have commissioned none others in you Parish except a Colonel and one Major nor shall I appoint Company Officers until the company Districts are laid out, and I acquire such information of the Citizens generally as may enable me to select the most deserving characters.

The late insurrection among the Slaves in the Country of German Coast, induced me to order Militia Patroles in most of the Parishes But this Insurrreciton being quelled my orders to the several Colonesl of Militia, will now be revoked, and the parole service will be left to the direction f the Civil Authority, and I am persuaded that you will unite your efforts with mine, to check those little dissentions which’s have unfortunately arisen at Baton Rouge.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of the Fort of Mobile; but I trust in Eaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The last accounts left the Spaniars in possession of the Fort of Moblile; but I trust in Heaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of the Fort of Mobile ; but I trust in Eaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The Legislature of the Territory is in Session and far as I can learn a sincere disposition exists to do whatever the interest of the good people of Feliciana may  advise.

I should always be happy to hear from you, and to have the benefit of your opinion upon such subjects, as may be interesting to my fellow Citizens.

 I am Dr. Sir, &c &c
Gen. Thomas                                                                      

W.C.C. Claiborne[33]

 

A Proclamation--

By William Charles Cole Claiborne Governor of the Territory of Orlean--

To all who shall see these presents but more particularly to the Sheriff of the first Superior Court District.

Be it knows that virtue of the powers in me vested; I do hereby order and direct, that the execution of the Sentence pronounced against a Negroes man named Theodore, who has been duly convicted of the Offence o Insurrection, be suspended until the first Friday in the Month of March next.

Given under my hand &c, at &c, this 12th day of February 1811.

 

[L.S.]                              

(Signed) Willliam C.C.

Claiborne[34]

 

Message

Gentlemen of the Lefislative Council and House of Representative—

I have the honor to lie before you a report made to me by the Judge of the Parish of St. Charles, in conformity to a late Resolution of the Legislature. Also to lie before you and Instrument of writing, signed by several Respectable Inhabitants bearing testimony to the good conduct of certain free men of color during the late Insurrection, and recommending them the favorable attention of the Legisature.

 

N. Orleans Feb: 25:1811                                              

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[35]

 

Message

Gentlemen of the Legislative Council and of the House of Representatives.

I have the honor to lay before you the Reports which have been made to me by the Judges of the Parishes of New Orleans St. Charles and parishes during the late Insurrection.

(sgd) William C.C. Claiborne

New Orleans March 12, 1811[36]

 

[1] Claiborne to General Hampton January 7, 1811.  In Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 94.

[2] Claiborne to Secretary of State, January 7, 1811.

[3] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, January 9, 1811 in Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 96.

[4] Claiborne to Major Amand, January 9, 1811.  Letter book number five p. 95.

[5] Ibid.

[6] Claiborne to General Hampton, January 11, 1811.  Claiborne Letter Book V. p.96.

[7] Claiborne circular to the several colonels of regiments and the several Parish Judges of the Coast.  New Orleans, January 11, 1811 in Claiborne Letter Books V. p. 96.

[8] Letter, Claiborne to Colonel Andre, and answered to Manuel Andry to Governor Claiborne.

[9] Wade Hampton to Governor Claiborne, January 12, 1811.

[10] Claiborne to Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 12, 1811.

[11] Claiborne to Colonel Andre.

[12] Claiborne to Mr. Duboug, New Orleans, January 14, 1811.

[13] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 14, 1811.

[14] Claiborne to John N. Destrehan New Orleans, January 16, 1811.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Claiborne to Colonel Vileras, New Orleans, January 16, 1811.

[17] Claiborne to the Secretary of State New Orleans, January 17, 1811.

[18] Claiborne to Simeon Favre Esq.. New Orleans, January 17, 1811.

[19]Claiborne to Judge St. Martin, New Orleans, January 19, 1811.

[20] Claiborne to John N. Destrehan Esq.

[23] Claiborne to Major St. Amand, New Orleans January 20, 1811.

[24] Claiborne to the Secretary at War, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[25] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[26] Claiborne Private letter to Judge Moreau Lislet.  New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[27] Claiborne to Doctor Steele, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[28] Jefferson showed much interest in the Batture Case and had date bearing on its merits send directly to him.

[29] Claiborne to Mr. Thomas Jefferson, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[30] Claiborne to Major Dubourg, New Orleans, January 21, 1811.

[31] Jean Noel Destrehan of the Legislative Council Answer to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

[32] Maglore Guichard & Elijah Fromentin C.H.R. Answer of the House of Representatives to Golvernor Claiborne’s Speech.

[33] Claiborne to General Thomas New Orleans, January 30, 1811.

[34] A Proclamation by William Charles Cole Claiborne, Governor of the Territory of Orleans, February 12, 1811.

[35] Claiborne Message to the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives.  New Orleans March 12, 1811.

[36] Claiborne Message to the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives.  New Orleans March 12, 1811.

 

SECTION I I I

Governor Claiborne’s Correspondence

Governor C. C. Claiborne Correspondence and letters concerning the slave revolt of 1811 in St. Charles and St. John the Baptist Parishes in January of 1811


To Genl. Hampton

New Orleans, January 7, 1811

Dr. Genl.

Will you have the goodness to order an escort, for the Bearer who carried the Mail tho’s such part of the Territory, as you suppose may be infested by the Brigands.

I am Sir, &c  &c

Genrl. Hampton                                           

(signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[1]

 

To the Secretary of State.

New Orleans, January 7, 1811

Sir,

Every measure has been taken for the public safety.

The enclosed copies of Genl. Orders will furnish you with such information, as I am possessed of, relative to the movement of the Insurgents.

The Honble.                                         
 I am Sir, &c &c

The Sec.: State                                

(sgd) W. C. C. Claiborne[2]

 

Insurgents. The whole militia of the City are ordered under arms, and you may be assured of its safety.

The Honble.                                          

I am Sir, &c &c

Mr. Smith                                                 

(sgd) W.C.C. Claibone

 

Sec: of State[3]

To Major St. Amand.

New Orleans, Jasnuary 9, 1811
9 O’Clock at night

Sir,

I have received your letter of the day. The most prompt measures have been taken by me to protect the lives and property of my fellow Citizens. Several hundred men have marched up the Coast by my orders and I hope will soon disperse the Brigands. We all in New Orleans on the alert. Continue with your Neighbours and maintain order and discipline. I pray God that the force sent from this City may soon meet The Brigands and arrest them in their murdering carreer.

Yr. With respect &c &c

Majr. St. Amand.                                                   

(Signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[4]

 

To Major Bullingney.

Evening of the 9th of Jan: 1811. 

Sir,

Your letter of the Evening is received. The afflicting news to which you allude reached me on this  morning at 10 o’clock; and I have taken the most prompt measures to defend the persons and property of my fellow Citizens against Brigands who are advancing. Assemble the Citizens of your Neighbourhood, Keep regular patroles throughout the night; and apprise me by express of any information that my reach you, which it is proper for me to know.

I name you for this occasion the Commandant of Patroles, and you will proceed forthwith to act in that capacity. Several hundred men have marched from this City to the assistance of the People on the Coast.

I am Sir, &C &C

Majr. Bullingney                                           

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[5]

 

To Genl. Hampton

Sir,

I pray you to have the goodness to order, a Guard to the Bayou Bridge, with instructions to the Officer to permit  no Negroes to pass or respass the same.

Yrs. with respect &C &C

9th January 1811                                                             

(signed) W.C.C. Claiborne[6]

 

Circular

To the Several Colonels of Regiments; and the several Parish Judges on the Coast

New Orlean, January 10, 1811 

Sir,

Order strong Militia patroles by day and night; and cause a strict police among the Slaves to be maintained. Enclosed is the best account of an Insurrection, I can give, which has broken out on the Coast. New Orleans is in perfect safety.

I am Sir, &C &C

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[7]

 

To the Secretary of State

New Orleans, January11, 1811

Sir,

The Insurgents were attached on Yesterday by a party of armed Citizens, under the Command of Col. Andre; several were killed, and 18 or 20 taken, but no official information has yet been received. The Insurrection is by no means general and will I trust be very soon put down.

The Honble.                                                     

I am Sir &C &C

Mr. Smith                                                                  

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[8]

 

MANUEL ANDRY TO GOVERNOR CLAIBORNE

[NA: SD, Orleans Terr. Pagers, XII]

[January 11, 1811]

We lay before our readers the following Letter, addressed by the brave and respectable Mr. Andry, father, to his Execellency Governor Claiborne. It contains the most positive and latest intelligence form above.

 

To His Excellency Governor Claiborne.

SIR,

I have only time to inform you in the shortest way, of the unfortunate events which have lately happened, and of which I am one of the principal sufferers. An attempt was made to assassinate me by the stroke of an axe, and my poor son has been ferociously murdered by a hord of brigands who from my plantation to that of Mr. Fortier have committed every kind of mischief and excesses, which can be expected from a gang of atrocious banditt’s of that nature. But at last notwithstanding all their nefarious deeds, their plot has been completely frustrated, and seeing that they were unable to perform it, they have come up to pursue their criminal course. With unremitting exertions and exhortations, I have been able to collect a detachment of about eighty men, and although wounded, I have taken the command of my brave fellow planters. We have been so happy as to  meet the brigands, who were in the neighborhood of the plantation of Mr. Bernoudi, colors upon their troops, of whom we made considerable slaughter. The spot was unfortunately unpropitious to cut of their retreat, so that many have horseback, have made their escape with greater facility. I gave immediately ordered several strong detachments to pursue them through the woods, and at every moment our men bring them in or kill them I hope we are now free from any fear of this plot, because it does no appear to be general. But we must make a GREAT EXAMPLE. I think a detachment of regular troops would  be very useful for the tranquility of our coast, because I am obliged to order many detachemets of militia to meet and destroy the remaining of those brigands. If  we can take alive finished. I have several other informations to give you, but for the present I am too harassed and pressed by sorrow, and I will  very soon transmit you further communications.

Accept, Sir, the assurances of the profound respect, of your most devoted servant.

 ANDRY.

German coast, January 11th, 1811 

 

WADE HAMPION TO GOVERNOR CLAIBORNE

[NA:SD, Orleans Terr. Papers, XII]

Copy                                                                                                            

at Mr, Detrehans     

12 Jan 1811

DEAR SIR

 Having yesterday formed a Junction With Major Milton’s Command which has Discended far beyond the Commencement of this shocking insurrections, and having Posted him in the Neighbourhood, to protect & Give Countenance to the Various Companies of the Citizens that are Scouring the Country in Every direction, I shall permit the detachment; that Came With me from the City, to return. The Garrison has been Much Weakened, and We have a detachment of the Marine whose presence are also had an Opportunity of feeling their Physical force. they are equal to the protection of their own property & cone of Dragoons to Descend from Baton Rouge & to touch at Every Settlement of Consequence, and to Crush any disturbances that  May have taken place  higher Up--the plan is unquestionable of Spanish Origin, & has had an extensive Combination. The Chiefs of the party that took the field are both taken, but there is

Without doubt others behind the Outlaw Still More formidable. I shall have the pleasure of seeing you this Evening & of Giving you more particulars--

I have Written these in Much haste & have Used the first implements that I have been able to get into my hand, with which  I could have Written Even So Much

Very respectfully yours

(Signed) W. HAMPTION

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR[9]

 

To the Secretary of State

New Orleans January 12, 1811

Sir,

My impression is that we have nothing further to apprehend (for the present) from the Brigands. The enclosed letter from Col: Andre exertion shall be made to cause an early arrest of such as have escaped, and in the mean time the measures I have ordered, with a view to the  public safety  and tranquility will be continued.

The Fort Mobile is still in possession of the Spaniard, but the Citizens of the Town and its vicinity, refuse to obey the orders of the Spanish Commandant, alleging that the President of the United States, they will be true & faithful in their allegiance to the United States Such Sir is the substance of the latest information received.

The Hobble.

Mr. Smith

Sec: of State:[10]

 

To Col: Andre.

New Orleans January 13, 1811

My Dear Sir,

I have received your several letters and most sincerely do I  sympathize with you in the untimely and unfortunate death of your amiable Son. But our lamentations are useless. He is gone to a better and a happier world!

I cannot too much applaud the brave and firm conduct of yourself and your fellow Planters. Every thing is tranquil in this City and I

Co; (sir) Andre

Accept the best

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[11]

 

To Major St. Amand & Col: Andre.

N. Orleans January 14: 1811

Sir,

Your letter of the 13th Instant has been recd. It gives me sincere satisfaction to learn that the late atrocious Insurrection has activity and firmness of my fellow Citizens. We are now all convinced of the nessity of a well-organized Militia, and I really will not a strong Militia Law. In the mean time we must continue our vigilance; Major. St. Amand

I am sir,

Col: Andre                                                                        

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[12]

 

To Mr. Dubourg.

N. Orleans January 14. 1811

Sir,

It being represented dot me that the insurrection among the slaves in the Country of German Coast, was entirely quelled and nearly the whole of the Insurgents, either Killed or taken, the services of the Company under your Command are no longer necessary, and you will be pleased to discharge them from further duty. Be so good as to convey to confidences, in their patriotism and bravery, accompanied with my best thanks for the Services they have rendered the Territory.

I have the honor &c &c

Mr. Bubourg                                                                         

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

To the Secretary of State,

N. Orleans January 14, 1811

Sir,

The Insurrection among the Negroes is quelled; and nearly the whole of the Insurrection among the Negroes is quilled or taken. The prompt and judicious movement of Genl. Hampton contributed very much to the public

Safety; and the ardour activity and firmness of the Militia have made an impression upon the Blacks that will not (I suspect) for a length of time be effaced. I have also to acquaint you of the patriotic Conduct of the Captain and Crews of the Merchant Vessesls in this port. These brave Tars to a man tendered their services, and several hundred armed with Cutlasses were placed by my orders under the Command of an excellent Citizen Mr. Benjamin Morgan. One company was marched up the Coast and the others were on duty in the department. The free men  of color also on this occasion manifested the greatest zeal for the public safety. Their services were tendered and one Company placed by my orders under the Command of a respectable Citizen Major Dubourg, performed with great exactitude and propriety a Tour of dutyn16

Sec: State[13]

 

To John N. Detrehan Esqr.

N. Orleans January 16, 1811

Sir,

I am indeed greatly solicitous to visit my fellow Citizens up the Coast, but I  am prevented by the multiplicity of business, which indispensable. I sincerely ad heartily congratulate you on the discomfiture of the late daring Insurrection. It is just and I believe absolutely essential to our future safety that a proper and great expel should be made of the guilty.

There may however be cases in which under the Testimony the Court and Jury may feel themselves bund to render the Testimony the Court and Jury may feel themselves bound to render judgment of condemnations; yet circumstances may exist which would call fro mercy and justify the interposition of Executive power. If any such cases should arise the Court and Jury ill I hope recommend the offender to clemency; which will have great Wight(sic) with the Executive.

I am Sir, & C &C

J.N. Detrehan Esq.                                                                

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[14]

  

WADE HAMPTON TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR

[NA:WD, Go, Old Recs. Div.:AIS]

New Orleans, 16th  Jan 1811

SIR.

Referring to my letters of the 3rd & 5th from Baton Rouge, I have SIR. Refering to my letters of the 3rd & 5th from Baton rouge, I have the hornor to add that I arrived at this place on the morning of the 7th   About 12 O’clock on the Morning of the 9th the governor came to me with the unpleasant information that a formidable insurrection had commenced.  Among the blacks, on the left bank of the river, about 4o Miles above this city, which awes rapidly advancing towards it, and carrying in it’s train fire, Murder & pillage. The regular force in the City was inconsiderable, and as there was nothing like and organized Militia, the confusion was great beyond descriptor.

So soon as two companies of Volunteer Militia could be paraded, I joined to them 30 Regulars & marched at their heads, about 6 o’clock, to meet the Brigands. It was alls the force, accepts a small garrisons left in the Fort, which at time appeared susceptible of commens. On our March we overtook a company of Seamen which commodore Shaw had sent forward, of which I also took the command. This little force reached the Plantation of Colonel Fortier, Six Leagues form the City, reached the Plantation of Colonel Fortier, Six Leagues from the City, about half after 4 o’clock oven the Morning of the 10th through roads half leg deep in Mud.

Here the Brigands had posted themselves with a strong picket fence, having also the advantage of two strong brick buildings belonging to Colonel Fortier’s Sugar works—I had been joined near theist place by a party of Volunteer Horse, who had come forward destitute of command, but agreed to join in the attack. The order of attack was formed the moment the troops reached the ground, and the Infantry & Seamen so disposed as to enclose by a forward movement three Sides of the small enclosure, which embraced the buildings. And the Horse at the first signal was to charge the other. The Brigand had been alarmed in the night by new young men who had advanced so near as to discharge their pieces at young men who had advanced so near as to discharge their pieces at encompass them, retired in greet silence. They had retreat five leagues with the utmost  precipitation when about 9’oclock of the same Morning they were fallen in with by a spirited party of Young men form the opposite side of the rive, who fired upon & dispersed themes, killing some 15, or 20, & wounding a great many more.

Major Milton at the commencement of this unpleasant affair, was with a company of Lt Artillery & one of Dragoons about a five or six league above, ascending the river affording his aid to the inhabitants. I had sent several expresses to him to the same effects, &therefore continued advancing until we met them [?].

After ordering the two additional companies of Lt troops from Baton Rouge, & establishing a post in the Midst of the district, which had thus been exposed to the greatest of all human calamities, I returned to the city with the little detachment with which I marched out. My means were slender, but I have the satisfaction of believing that the Movement had the effect of giving the first check to a flame which might have inflicted more human misery than ever has been felt within the United States.

The prompt display & exhibition of a regular Military force all along the Coast ( the river) by land & water, has had a most happy effect, as well upon the blacks, as the Citizens, who by this sustenance have been enabled to use & feel their own strength, & to rely upon that which the Government can at all times form Baton Rouge or theist City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has this City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has this City send to their aid. The Governor of the territory has forwarded details of the extent of the calamity—To those I beg leave to  refer. I shall write aging in a day or to—and have the honor to be

very respectfullyYr most obt Sert

W. HAMPTON

 

THE HONBLE WILLIAM EUSTIS Secy of War[15]

To Col: Vilerae

N. Orleans January 16, 1811.

Sir,

Your letter of the merit is recited. Itch a source of sincere pleasure to us all, that so speedy and end has been put to the Insurrection. Ith seems to me unnecessary to keep the Militia embodied; and you will permit them to return to their respective hove ith will be proper however that strict patrols by night, should be maintained; and you will issue order to that effect.

Assure my fellow Citizen of  my confidence in their patriotism and bravery, and gender to them my  I am Sir, &C &C

Col: Vilarae                                                     

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[16]

 

To The Secretary of State 

New Orleans January 17, 1811.

Sir,

Every thing is now tranquil in this quarter. For the convenience of the Memoers of the Legislature whose domestic affairs were greatly deranged y the late Insurrection, and required for the present their personal attention, I have prorogued the general assemble y of the territory for two weeks.

Mobile margins in possession of Spanish force; Govr. Folch has not answered my letters to him. I attribute this delay to a disposition off the part of Folch to be previously informed of the Sentiments of the Captain General of Cuba to who he (Folch) is responsible. The flag of the United States has been reared at rhea Pass Christian, and at the Mouth of Pascagoula. My authority is respected in that quarter and good order is restored.

The Honble                                                           

I am Sir, &c &c

Mr. Smith                                                            

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

Secretary of State[17]

 

To Simeon Favre Esqre.

20 Claiborne to Colonel Vilerae, N. Orleans, January 16, 1811, in Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 101

21 Claiborne to the Secretary of State N. Orleans, January 17, 1811, Ibid. p. 103

 N. Orleans January 17, 1811

Sir,

I have you just received form the Major of this City a letter in which he states, that Bradford according to my direction has been taken before Judge Martin; and that Becker and Welch appeared ad Witnesses against him. These persons not being in possession of any facts which would justify the conviction of Bradford; and it being presumed that such testimony may be collected you will be pleased to immediately to take than necessary steps for its procurement, and transmit the same to me without delay. In the mean time Brad rod is committed to prison in order for trial.

I am Sire, &c &c

Simeon Favre Esqr.                                                                 

(Sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[18]

  

To Judge St. Martin

N. Orleans January 19, 1811

Sir,

Your letter of the 18th  Instant together with its incisures has been received. I have noticed with sincere pleasure the great fidelity with which for the restoration of good order. Judge Moreau has ordered to you Parish last Unsurrection.  The Judge and Jury of the Parish St. Charles will be condemned by the Trebunal of this parish, of whom one has been recommended to the mercy of the Executive.

The Chief Gilbert the property of Col: Andre surrendered himself on last Evening, and is now in the prison of this City.

I am Sir, &c &c

Judge St. Martin                                                                         

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[19]

 

To John M. Detrehan Esqre.

N. Orleans Jan: 19.1811.

Sir,

Your interesting letter of the 18th was delivered t me on the Evening of the same day by Lieutenant Treaudeau. I am well aware of the unpleasant duties, which have deviled upon Judge St. Martin and the Jury  of the Parish of St. Charles; and am very sensible of the purity of the motives by which they have been influenced and of the Justice and prudence which mark their proceedings. My Counsel on the late occasion would have been unnecessary, the Judge as well as the Citizens who composed the Jury possess my entire confidence; and I am assured that their judgments has been uniformly such as the testimony and the Law warranted.

The example which has been made of the quilty actors in the late insurrections will I hope produce the derided effect. Justice, policy, our insurrections will I hope produce the desired effect. Justice, policy, our future safety required that the guilty should suffer; for the sake of humanity however itch is greatly to be desired, that the list of the list of the quilt may not be found  still greeter. And although there may be cases when Judge and Jury must condemns the accused, in order to do what the law and the testimony warrants, injury to the public safety, I have therefore only to repeat to you, that in all cases where circumstances suggest the exercise of mercy a recommendation t that effect from the Court and jury, will induce the Covernor to extend to the convict a pardon.

By order of Judge Moreau six of the Brigands have been ordered for trial to the Parish of St. Charles, of  course Judge St. Martin and the Jury will resume their Sessions.

By order of Judge Moreau six of the Brgands have been ordered for trial to the parish of St. Charles, of course Judge St. Martin and the Jury will resume their  Sessions.

I am happy to find form the report of the Judge so few Slaves are now in the woods. I hope this dreadful Insurrection is at an end and I pray God! We may never see another. The loss of property sustained by our Plantersis indeed considerable; but I rejoice that it has not been greater. I am under great obligations to the Army, the volunteer Corps and  the Miltia for their prompt, and ardent exertions, for the public safety. The Zealous and meritorious services of our friend Treaudau merit the highest Eulogium and Capt. Lacosto is also entitling to great credit.

I sincerely wish your health &c &c

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

Jonh N. Detrehan Esqr. [20]

 

To Col: John Ballinger

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Dr. Sir,

I have received you letter of the 14th Instant. It does not appear that the late Insurredion in this vicinity was off extensive combination; but the result only of previous concert between the slaves of a few adjoining has awakened a spirit vigilance throughout the territory, which, if induce the Legislature to gibe us a more energetic Militia System, and to interpose some check to that indiscriminate importation of Slaves form the southern states…

Col. J. Ballinger                                          

I am Sir &c &c

(Signed[21]) W.C.C. Claiborne[22]

 

To Major St. Amand

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Sir,

Your letter of yesterday has been received and finishes me with fresh proof of you Zeal for the public Service.

Considering this insurrection as at as end the patrols may until further orders, be left to the discretion and directions of the parish Court.

I approve of the distribution you made of powder and arms to the Citizens, and with regard to the public muskets, which silt remain in your possession, I would wish you to distribute them among the freemen who reside in the parish of St. Charles, taking a memorandum of the name of each Individual to whom a musket is delivered. It is surely of importance that the militia should be armed; and I persuade myself that the late event, will induce every Citizen to whom a musket is presented, to keep the same it good order. The public powder in you possession, you will be pleased also t distribute among the Citizens.

I am Sir, &c &c

 Majr. St. Amand                                                       

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[23]                    

 

To the Secretary at War

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

Sir,

During the late Insurrection in this  Territory, the public safety required, that the most immediate and energetic measures should be resorted to. I ordered the whole Militia of the City on duty. A Detachment marched to. I ordered the howler Militia of the City on duty. A Detachment marched against the Insurgents, and Horses, Carts, and whatever else was Detachment marched against the Insurgents, and Horses, Carts, and whatever else was necessary for and instantaneous movement were pressed into the public Service.

I have necessarily made some expenditures, and to meet them, I shall draw Bills on the Department of War, which I persuade myself will be duel honored. The necessity was most pressing every moment’s delay added force the insurgents and increased the danger. My orders however were zealously and promptly excited, and in forty-eight hours the public safety was endured. The Militia has not required compensation for their services, nor will any be offered them. The charge against the U.S. is only for provisions, horses, Carts &c, and the amount I presume will not exceed twelve or fourteen hundred dollars. I have informed the Secretary of State of the patriotic ardor, which on this occasion was manifested by every class of my fellow Citizens, nor did I omit to ear testimony to the very class of my fellow Citizens, nor did I omit to bear testimony to the  very correct conduct to eh armed force of U.S. in the vicinity, and of the prompt and judicious arrangements of General Hampton, under whose Command the several detachments of Militia, that marched against the Insurgents were placed. 

The Honble.                                                                

I am Sir &c &c

Mr. Eustice                                                               

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

Sec: War.[24]

 

To the Secretary of State

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

Sir,

I have the honor to enclose you a Copy of a letter addressed to me, by Col: Cushing dated at Mobile the 8th of the present Month; and which contains the latest information I have received from that  quarter.

My authority is respected in every part of the newly acquired territory, except a small District around the Town and Fort of Mobile; and Territory, except a small District around the town and Fort of Mobile; and there until you further orders the Spanish must remain undisturbed.

The Individuals whom I mentioned in a former Letter, a having been taken prisoners by Govr. Folchn, remain in a confinement at Pensacola. Throughout the whole District of Baton Rouge there is a lively interest expressed as to the fate of these unfortunate men; and I am frequently have you previous sanction.

The Hobble.                                                               

I am Sir, &c &c

Mr. Smith

Sec: State[25]                                                         

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

Private Letter to Judge Moreau Lislet.

Dear Sir,              

N Orleans Jan:20.1811.

It has been represented to me, that a Negroes of the name of Telemachus, the property of Mr. Bernady is now confined in Jail; and that in all the testimony taken of the subject of the late conspiracy, Telemaachus has not been in tee least degree inculpated. Will you do me the favor to say whether such be the release of said Slave.

Major Track also has entreated me to pardon one of his slaves, comedy to die. I have said to him that on the recommendation of the Court and a majority of the Jury his request be granted.

I am Dr. Sr. &c &c     

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

Judge Moreau Listlet.[26]

 

To Doctor Steele

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811

Dr. Sir,

I am sorry it has not been in my power to comply with you solicitation in behalf of Mr. Collins, and Mr. McCleland. The office for which the first Gentlemand was a candidate, has already been promised to another, and that which the latter desired had been previously conferred on a Mr. Kavinaugh.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of Mobile, but I persuade myself that orders to dispossess them, will very soon reach me. Congress will I trust act on this occasion, with energy ad decision. Such Congress will I trust act on this occasion, with energy and decision. Such a course I am persuaded will meet support of the nation.

The late Insurrection has been effectually crushed. It does not appear to have been of extensive combination, and the mischief done is by no means as great as was at first apprehended. Two Citizens only were murdered, three great as was at first apprehended. Two Citizens only were murdered, three dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained dwelling houses burned and several pillaged. But the planters have sustained a serious loss by the number of Slaves killed and executed to the newly acquired Instant, and I hope their first act will be to extend to the newly acquired Territory a just share in the reorientation to the General Assembly.

I am Dr. Sr. &c &c

Doctr. Steele                                                                  

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[27]

 

To Mr. Jefferson.

N. Orleans Jan:20.1811.

My Dear Sir,

I have the pleasure to inform you that the Laws of this Territory are in force in every part of that tract of Country directed to be occupied by the President’s Proclamation of the 27th of October last except a small District must remain undisturbed until the further orders of my Government. I hope however these orders will not be long delayed. If there be a foreign nation disposed to resist the taking possession of the Country West of the Perdido, by the United States, its wrath will not be diverted by a forbearance to there can only tend to created dissatisfaction among our own Citizens, and give countenance to a charge (which is already circulate) of want of firmness and decision on the part of Congress.

We have lately experienced much alarm in consequence of and Insurrecton among the Slaves in this vicinity. It at first assumed a menacing aspect; vat was very son quelled by the prompt and decisive moments, of the armed force of the United States, and the Body of the Militia. Livingston had left this for the United States, and the Body of the Militia. Livingston, had left this for the U. S. previous to my arrival. He had exhausted all his ingenuity to oblation a judgment against the late Marshal; and to repossess himself of the Batture; but has been completely foiled. The Mayour of the City informs me that all the documents you requested have been forwarded to your address.[28]

The Legislature of the Territoru will be in Session in a few days. It is probable that the case of the Batture will again be brought before them. I am greatly desirous to see you Mennoir on that subject, in the hands of the People. It cannot fail to make a great and just impression.

I am Sir &c &c

Mr. Thos. Jefferson[29]                                                     

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne

 

To Major Dubourg

N. Orleans Jan:21.1811

Sir,

A Slave of the name of Gilbert has been convicted of the Offence of aiding and abetting in an Insurrection, and has been sentenced to be shot. Will you be pleased therefore to furnish the Sheriff who will resent you this not, with a guard from among the Compny of volunteers, under you Command, to carry into effete the sentence aforesaid.

I am Sir, &c &c

Major Dubourg                                                                

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[30]

 

Speech Delivered by Governor Claiborne to both Houses of the Lesgislative Body of the Territory of Orleans--Jan:29.1811. 

Fellow Citizens of the Legislative Council and of the House of Representatives.

A late event which extends you Authority over and additional tract of fertile Country, and introduces into the bosom of our family a brave and virtuous people, affords cause of such sincere satisfaction to every patriotic breast that I cannot avoid tendering you the occasion my warmest congratulations.

The just and weighty considerations which induced the President of the United States to direct possession to be taken of the Territory west of the perked, as a part of the Territory of Orleans, are too forcible detailed, Gentlemen, in his Proclamation of the 27th of October to need further illustration, and I presume too fresh in your recollection to require repletion. It is only necessary therefore to inform you that throughout the whole of the Territory in question, except a small District around the Fort and Twon of Mobile I have exercised the powers of Chief Magistrate’ that by and Ordinandce bearing date on the 7th of last December, the Country of Feliciana was established, and its Eastern boundary declared to e the Revera Perdedo’ that by subsequent Ordenadnces, there were created in the County aforesaid the perished of Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, St. Helena, St. Tammany, Veloxy and Pascafoula; that Parish Judges and other necessary Civil Officers have been duly commissioned, and that god order is preserved. Copies of those Ordinances will be laid before you and its rests with the Lesgislature to correct such defects, as they may be found t contain.

There is nothing I more desire, than to see our newly adopted fellow Citizens, prosperous and happy under the influence of a free Government and just Laws’ not do I doubt Gentlemen you readiness to Government and just laws; not do I doubt gentlemen you readiness to do whatever their intestine may advise. It is of primary impotence that a Law should pass, according to the Inhabitants of Feliciana, their full share in the representation the general Assembly. You powers are competent, and President has expressed his earnest desire, that the period of their present privation should be prolonged beyond the unavoidable necessity of this case. It is also important to provide for and additional Circuit Court, whose Sessions shall be Holden at Baton Rough with appellate jurisdiction from the several Parish Court, whose Sessions shall be Holden at Baton Rough with appellate jurisdiction from the several Parish Court. There are unquestionably other objects greatly infesting to the good people of Felicia; but the consideration of such as are not of pressing concern, Felicia; but the considerations of such as are not of pressing concern, had better be deferred until you shall  be in possession of that local information, which their immediate Representatives will be best enables to communicate.

The late daring and unfortunate Insurrection, in the Parishes of St. john Baptist and St. Charles, does not appear to have been of extensive domination’ but the result only of previous concert between the slaves of a few neighboring Plantations. It has been speedily and entirely quelled. We have however to regret the untimely death of two highly esteemed Citzens, cruelly massacred; and the great and serious loss of property sustained by many of our planters. This loss does not fall with in the cases for which a remuneration is provided by the existing Laws; but I am persuaded Gentlement, you will be disposed in the present instance, to extend their provisions, as far as the public sympathy for private suffering may suggest and a just policy warrant.

The example which had been made of the principles in this Insurrection, will I hope produce the desired effect; the vigilance also which the event has awakened, throughout the territory will conduce much to our future security; but above all the prompt, ardent and decisive several volunteer Corps’ and the body of the Military must have made an impression, that will not for a length of time be effaced.

To guard however more effectually against occurrences of this kink for the future, some further, and stronger preventive to that of notoriety that merges of Character the most desperate and conduct the most infamous.—Convicts pardoned on condition of transportation, dwell on this subject in unnecessary. The consequences which from a continuance of this traffic are likely to result may be easily anticipated.

I could not avail myself of an occasion as favorable as the present, to renew my entreaties for a more energetic Militia System. The best interest of the Territory; the safety of our families and of our property, united in recommending this subject to you early and most serious consideration. The present lax and disorganized state of the Militia is not attributable to a want of exertion on the part of the object to the leading principles of the System; they are believed to be the introduction of order and discipline. A few Amendments only to the existing Law are necessary, to effect the purposes for which it is Musters, and direct the latter to be ore frequent than heretofore’ the wealthiest of our Citizens unwilling to incur them) and provide to enforce their orders;   punish the disobedient and disorderly with fines ad if necessary with imprisonment; and let the exemptions from duty be as circumscribed as possible. In a word let your Law be as rigid as the Princiles of free Government, can be brought to are aware of the many casualties, internal and external and extend to which the Territory is exposed, and must be sensible of the importance of a well regulated Militia.

I have noticed Gentlemen a solicitude on the part of many respectable Citizens for a 3rd Bank in this City. If indeed such an Institution promises advantages to commerce and to Agriculture, I shall be happy to approve and Act of Incorporation; but it seems to me expedient that the Territory should retain the Privilege of subscribing fro a portion of the stock, and that the Government should nominate a certain number of Directors. The direction of a Bank carries with it much influence, and such checks should be interposed, as will prevent that influence, from being used with views to private oppression or political Intrigue.

There is another subject greatly interesting to Commerce and to Society at large, which I recommend to the attention of the Legislature. I allude to the present Bankrupt system. It is surely desirable that the Law should provide relief fro the unfortunate trader, and shield the honest debtor from the persecutions of a merciless Creditor. But greet care should be taken, lest the facilities it affords, be made subservient to the purposes of fraud. New Orleans already ranks among the most prosperous Cities of the United States. To its continued welfare a fair commercial character is essential, and to that end nothing cold more contribute, that a strict, but humane statute of Bankruptcy, the provisions of which no honest man would have cause to censure, and no fraudulent one an opportunity to evade.

The ample resources of the Treasury evince the fidelity and ability with which urn fiscal concerns have been conducted. From the annual report of the treasurer you will find a great and increasing surplus fund, and I advise and invite you Gentlemen to appropriate a surplus fund, and I advise and invite you Gentlemen to appropriate a moiety at least of that surplus to objects of public utility. Among these a liberal provision for the education of youth is entitled to precedence. It is a truth universally admitted that Science is the best support of liberty, and that to maintain our Republican Institutions Information must be diffused among the body of the people.

I do not know Gentlemen that I shall have the smallest objection to any measure you may propose. But with great deference permit me to suggest for consideration the expediency of making provision for the extended to them all; that they be so situated as to reconcile local prejudices, and to enlist in their favor the pride and interest of the Citizens generally; that they also be so conducted as to excite among the professors and Students of each Institution a great and constant rival ship. I shall decline  entering into the details of my plan; but on a question in which my Character as a Magistrade, a Citizen, and a father I feel so lively an interest, I will gladly embrace every opportunity for an interchange of Sentiments, and of communicating with you individually.

 An important Crisis in our Affairs will soon arrive, and I trust in Heaven it may proof propitious to our welfare. I am persuaded Gentlemen that the Territory of Orleans will be early admitted into the union, ad a Sister State nor is it at all improper, but that Congress may at their  present or ensuing Session, make provision for such admission. I am aware that the minds of many of our Citizens, are not entirely reconcile to such a change of Government; but whatever objections may exist, there is one point of view in which I contemplate our political destinies, and attach for ever the Territory of Orleans, in its present extent to the American Uninon. A Union which has established and which supports the freedom, the greatness of our Country:--A Union on the perpetuity of which depends the safety, the liberty, the prosperity and happiness of ourselves and posterity.

New Orleans                                                               (

sgd) Will C.C. Claiborne

 

Answer, Of the Legislative Council to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

The Legislative Council have perused with due attention you Exellency’s communication, to both Branches of the Legislature. The matter contained therein is of a matter highly important to the interest of the Country at large. The happy annexation of West Florida to this territory is and event that ought to be rejoiced in, by all classes of the Community, as it renders our Territory more compact in having the Sovereign power. The Legislative Council will cheerfully cooperate with the other Branches of the Government in extending as soon as possible to our newly adopted Fellow Citizens the right of representation in the territorial Legislature, upon just and equitable principles.

The late unfortunate Insurrection among the Slaves and the untimely end of some of our fellow Citizens, by the unhallowed hands of the desperadoes, and the loss of property to Individuals, is a terrible the desperadoes, and the loss of property to Individuals, is a terrible warning to us all and doubtless has made a proper impression on the minds of our Citizens. This, Sir, proves to us the imperious necessity of a prompt organization  and discipline of the Militia.  That organization is doubtless the surest means of securing the tranquility of our families, and the preservation of our properties.  Therefore beside the severe Laws which it may be necessary to enact on that subject, we think it desirable that a mode of military instruction should be established, which without harassing the Citizens may accustom them to that discipline  and order which it is their interest to observe. Independently of the means which we my ourselves, and at our own expense resort to for the better securing our internal and external tranquility in this Territory, we intend to express to the general Govrnment our wish that one Regiment of Regular Troops and permanently well calculated for the safety of the Union generally, as for our own. Ur Territoru owing to its situation as a frontier and to other reasons part of the United States to external and internal dangers.

 We remark with satisfaction that the  time is not far distant when the Territory with its present boundaries is about to take its exalted situation as one of the States of Union. This dignified situation Louisianian will ever be proud of, in more strongly connecting the bond of Union of the great American family.

It is to be lamented that thus far no plan has been fallen on that could be carried into execution for the promotion of Education in the territory, the very Basis of a free Government. It is to be hoped that this Session both Branches of the Legislature  will unite their instruction of the rising generation in our own Country, and not to be tributary to Strangers for what we can have at home. It is more particularly interesting at present moment to form men for the purpose of Self Government.

The Law intoned for the Relief of unfortunate and honest debtors is berry properly commuted on by Your Excellency. Immediate Legislative Interference is necessary to establish and uniform System of Bankruptcy throughout the Territory to protect the really unfortunate, but as severely to punish the fraudulent. The present Law for the relief of Insolvent debtors has been fully proven to be radically bad, and ought to be cut at the root, till some better system can be adopted, which will claim our nearly attention. The fact is that to our knowledge but few unfortunate men have had any relief from the Law, but in many instances it has been a Shield to cover frauds.

The Legislative Council assure you Execllency that they will keep in view and cooperate in Andy measures that may be proposed, that will tend to the true and essential interest of the Country.

New Orleans                                                          

(sgd) Jean Noel Detrehan

31.Jan: 1811                                                                           

Pres: Leg: Coun.[31]

 

Answer, Of the House of Representatives to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

To His Exellency William C.C. Claiborne Governor of the Territory of Orleans.

The House of Representatives receives with great Satisfaction Your Excellency’s communication.

Its important objects will attract their earliest consideration, a coincidence of opinion, directed by a common solicitude for the public good, will produce the results so ardently desired, and so ably recommended. We unite the public congratulations with yours in the event which has extended the wing of the American constitution over an adjacent County, and on the restoration of our antigen Limits, by its annexation to this Territory.

But one Sentiment pervades us—both sincerely rejoice in the extension of the Circle  of human liberty. We receive its inhabitants with open arms. The Tie that binds us together will be strengthened by the recollection, that their destiny is united forever with ours. May they find in this Union tranquility and repose, a Solace for the anxieties and agitations they have felt during their political transitions. We shall avail ourselves of the first occasion to manifest to them our Zeal for their welfare. Our first care shall be to see them fairly and justly represented in our Councils, leaving the organization of their Government to our joint labor and talents.

The members of the Legislature mingle with the public condolence for the loss of our Citizens who fell a sacrifice to the fury of the Blacks in their recent Insurrection, an deeply sympathize in the private Blacks in their recent Insurrection, an deeply sympathize in the private afflictions, and individual misfortune which mark this melancholy event.

We felicitate ourselves and our fellow Citizens that the disaffection was partial, the effort feeble and it suppression immediate. The example has been terrible as the object was sanguinary. Creat fidelity has been evinced by the Slaves towards their master in the most trying circumstances. A Zeal and spirit worthy the occasion manifested itself among our Citizens, and Strangers.

The Blacks have been our Citizens, and Strangers.

And we have learned that our Security deepens on the order and discipline of the Militia.

We justly appreciate the conduct of the Military and Naval forces of reunited States in this quarter, and of our Citizens cooperating with them, and emulating their generous example.

Personal [?] sympathies of private considerations to influence their enquiry.

Our remote situation from the American People, the internal casualties and extensional dangers to which we are expulsed teach us to look for the means of security.  Our own Inhabitants will be equal to Such a System is in the contemplation of the Legislature, and we shall avail ourselves of the valuable information you have done us the honor to communicate.

The flourishing condition of our Treasury places in our hands a large fund for objects of great public utility. Among which there are none that have such high claims upon public confidence as institutions of learning. On these our patronage will vibe bestowed. The peculiar situation of this Country forces the consideration of this subject upon us. Independent of its intrinsic merits of which we are justly sensible.

The other subjects embraced in the wide view Your Excellency has taken of this Country, will receive our peculiar attention.

The erection of this Territory in its present extent into State Sovereignty, and its admission into the Union, will form an interesting Epoch in the political history of this Country. Such an event will not be unpleasing to its inhabitants. It will be received as another Testimony of the parental care with which the American Government has watched over us.

Feeling that our destiny is interwoven with theirs, that a common fate awaits us, we shall cherish the Union with a sincere, cordial and permanent attachment. We shall cling to it as the Ark of safety. A Union which we pray God may be as lasting as time.

 

Attest,                                                                           

(sgd) Maglore Guichard                        

Speaker of the House of Representatives     

(Sgd) Elijah Fromentin C.H.R.[32]

 

To Genl. Thomas.

N. Orleans Jan:30.1811

Dear Sir,

I have received your letter of the 16th Instant.

Several copies of the Civil Code and of the other Laws of the Territory have been sent to the Judge of the Parish of East Baton Rouge with instructions to distribute them among the several of East Baton Rouge Peace and of course you will be furnished with a Copy.

The discontents in your vicinity afford me sincere regret. As relates to the Militia Officers I have commissioned none others in you Parish except a Colonel and one Major nor shall I appoint Company Officers until the company Districts are laid out, and I acquire such information of the Citizens generally as may enable me to select the most deserving characters.

The late insurrection among the Slaves in the Country of German Coast, induced me to order Militia Patroles in most of the Parishes But this Insurrreciton being quelled my orders to the several Colonesl of Militia, will now be revoked, and the parole service will be left to the direction f the Civil Authority, and I am persuaded that you will unite your efforts with mine, to check those little dissentions which’s have unfortunately arisen at Baton Rouge.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of the Fort of Mobile; but I trust in Eaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The last accounts left the Spaniars in possession of the Fort of Moblile; but I trust in Heaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The last accounts left the Spaniards in possession of the Fort of Mobile ; but I trust in Eaven that orders to dispossess them may soon reach me.

The Legislature of the Territory is in Session and far as I can learn a sincere disposition exists to do whatever the interest of the good people of Feliciana may  advise.

I should always be happy to hear from you, and to have the benefit of your opinion upon such subjects, as may be interesting to my fellow Citizens.

 I am Dr. Sir, &c &c

Gen. Thomas                                                                       

W.C.C. Claiborne[33]

 

A Proclamation--

By William Charles Cole Claiborne Governor of the Territory of Orlean--

To all who shall see these presents but more particularly to the Sheriff of the first Superior Court District.

Be it knows that virtue of the powers in me vested; I do hereby order and direct, that the execution of the Sentence pronounced against a Negroes man named Theodore, who has been duly convicted of the Offence o Insurrection, be suspended until the first Friday in the Month of March next.

Given under my hand &c, at &c, this 12th day of February 1811.

[L.S.]                                                                         

(Signed) Willliam C.C.

Claiborne[34]

 

Message

Gentlemen of the Lefislative Council and House of Representative—

I have the honor to lie before you a report made to me by the Judge of the Parish of St. Charles, in conformity to a late Resolution of the Legislature. Also to lie before you and Instrument of writing, signed by several Respectable Inhabitants bearing testimony to the good conduct of certain free men of color during the late Insurrection, and recommending them the favorable attention of the Legisature.

N. Orleans Feb: 25:1811                                                 

(sgd) W.C.C. Claiborne[35]

 

Message 

Gentlemen of the Legislative Council and of the House of Representatives.

I have the honor to lay before you the Reports which have been made to me by the Judges of the Parishes of New Orleans St. Charles and parishes during the late Insurrection.

(sgd) William C.C. Claiborne

New Orleans March 12, 1811[36]



[1] Claiborne to General Hampton January 7, 1811.  In Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 94.

[2] Claiborne to Secretary of State, January 7, 1811.

[3] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, January 9, 1811 in Claiborne Letter Books V, p. 96.

[4] Claiborne to Major Amand, January 9, 1811.  Letter book number five p. 95.

[5] Ibid.

[6] Claiborne to General Hampton, January 11, 1811.  Claiborne Letter Book V. p.96.

[7] Claiborne circular to the several colonels of regiments and the several Parish Judges of the Coast.  New Orleans, January 11, 1811 in Claiborne Letter Books V. p. 96.

[8] Letter, Claiborne to Colonel Andre, and answered to Manuel Andry to Governor Claiborne.

[9] Wade Hampton to Governor Claiborne, January 12, 1811.

[10] Claiborne to Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 12, 1811.

[11] Claiborne to Colonel Andre.

[12] Claiborne to Mr. Duboug, New Orleans, January 14, 1811.

[13] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 14, 1811.

[14] Claiborne to John N. Destrehan New Orleans, January 16, 1811.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Claiborne to Colonel Vileras, New Orleans, January 16, 1811.

[17] Claiborne to the Secretary of State New Orleans, January 17, 1811.

[18] Claiborne to Simeon Favre Esq.. New Orleans, January 17, 1811.

[19]Claiborne to Judge St. Martin, New Orleans, January 19, 1811.

[20] Claiborne to John N. Destrehan Esq.

[23] Claiborne to Major St. Amand, New Orleans January 20, 1811.

[24] Claiborne to the Secretary at War, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[25] Claiborne to the Secretary of State, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[26] Claiborne Private letter to Judge Moreau Lislet.  New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[27] Claiborne to Doctor Steele, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[28] Jefferson showed much interest in the Batture Case and had date bearing on its merits send directly to him.

[29] Claiborne to Mr. Thomas Jefferson, New Orleans, January 20, 1811.

[30] Claiborne to Major Dubourg, New Orleans, January 21, 1811.

[31] Jean Noel Destrehan of the Legislative Council Answer to Governor Claiborne’s Speech.

[32] Maglore Guichard & Elijah Fromentin C.H.R. Answer of the House of Representatives to Golvernor Claiborne’s Speech.

[33] Claiborne to General Thomas New Orleans, January 30, 1811.

[34] A Proclamation by William Charles Cole Claiborne, Governor of the Territory of Orleans, February 12, 1811.

[35] Claiborne Message to the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives.  New Orleans March 12, 1811.

[36] Claiborne Message to the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives.  New Orleans March 12, 1811.